洞庭湖流域国家血吸虫病监测点螺情分析

Analysis of Oncomelania Hupensis Status in Schistosomiasis Surveillance Sites in Dongting Lake Basin

为了解湖南省钉螺分布特征和螺情变化趋势,便于今后血吸虫病监测工作,本研究以《全国血吸虫病监测方案(2014年版)》指导要求为依据,对2015—2019年湖南省洞庭湖流域41个国家监测点开展钉螺调查。调查结果显示,2015—2019年间湖南41个血吸虫病监测点共完成钉螺调查面积15548.40hm^(2),查出有螺面积9134.01hm^(2),未现场查出血吸虫感染性钉螺。实验室“LAMP法”核酸检测钉螺组织混合样本1469例,仅查出阳性6例。5年内,钉螺面积下降12.68%,有螺框出现率下降38.51%,活螺平均密度下降45.79%。湖南省洞庭湖流域螺情呈逐年下降趋势,处于历史最低水平,湖南省洞庭湖流域监测点螺情已得到有效控制。因此,在未来“十四五”血吸虫病监测工作总体规划上,应以巩固现有成果、消除公共卫生危害、保护群众健康为主要目标,在洞庭湖流域建立敏感有效的血吸虫病监测体系,力争2025年在湖南省范围内消除血吸虫病。

In order to understand the distribution characteristics of oncomelania hupensis and the change of snail situation in Hunan Province,and guide the monitoring of schistosomiasis in the future,based on the guidelines of National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Program(2014 edition),41 national surveillance sites in Hunan province were surveyed for oncomelania hupensis from the year of 2015-2019.The survey results show that,the snail area was 9134.01 hm2,and no infected Oncomelania snail was detected in 41 surveillance sites with a total oncomelania snail survey area of 15548.40 hm2.In 5 years,a total of 1469 mixed samples of oncomelania snail were detected by LAMP(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification),6 of which were positive.The area of snail decreased by 12.68%,the occurrence rate of frames with snail decreased by 38.51%,and the average density of live snail decreased by 45.79%.The Oncomelania situation of schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Hunan Province showed a downward trend year by year and was at the lowest level in history.The oncomelania situation has been effectively controlled.Therefore,the overall plan of schistosomiasis surveillance should consolidate existing achievements,eliminate public health hazards,and protect public health as the main objectives.A sensitive and effective schistosomiasis surveillance system in the lake area should be established in order to eliminate schistosomiasis in the whole province by 2025.