一种准二维柱面爆炸波加载装置的设计与验证

Design and Verification of a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Shock Wave Loading Device

基于竖直爆轰管和径向Hele-Shaw Cell,设计并搭建了一套准二维柱面爆炸波加载装置,可以实现对Hele-Shaw Cell内部材料界面的径向冲击加载.竖直爆轰管内部的预混气体在底部点燃后,形成向上传播的冲击波,冲击波冲破爆轰管开口与Hele-Shaw Cell底板开孔之间的隔膜后,被Hele-Shaw Cell的顶板阻碍,形成在Hele-Shaw Cell内部径向传播的发散柱面波.通过同步的高速摄影和压力测试系统,可以获得Hele-Shaw Cell内部燃爆产物气体的膨胀过程,同时将膨胀过程与Hele-Shaw Cell内部冲击压力演化过程相耦合.实验发现Hele-Shaw Cell内部的柱面冲击波具有良好的可重复性和环向压力均匀性.对燃爆过程和Hele-Shaw Cell内部的柱面波传播过程进行了CFD数值模拟,当预混气体初始压力在100~250 kPa范围内时,可获得超压峰值在400~3000 kPa,冲量在50~180 Pa·s,Ma为2.8~4.4的柱面波,通过函数拟合得到了超压随径向传播距离呈幂函数衰减的规律,揭示了爆轰管内的燃爆过程对Hele-Shaw Cell内部超压和冲量分布的影响.研究发现,通过调节燃爆过程和预混气初始条件可以实现对Hele-Shaw Cell内部冲击波加载参数的调控.

Based on the vertical detonation tube and the radial Hele-Shaw Cell,a set of quasi-two-dimensional cylindrical explosive wave loading device was designed and built in this paper,which can realize the radial impact loading of the material interface inside the Hele-Shaw Cell.The premixed gas inside the vertical detonation tube was ignited to form an upward propagating shock wave,which was reflected by the upper plate of the Hele-Shaw Cell after the diaphragm was broken.Then,a divergent cylindrical wave propagating radially was formed.It was found that the cylindrical shock wave in Hele-Shaw Cell had good repeatability and annular pressure uniformity.The CFD numerical simulation was carried out for the detonation process and the cylindrical wave propagation process inside the Hele-Shaw cell.The law of overpressure attenuation with power function of radial propagation distance was obtained through function fitting,revealing the influence of detonation process inside the detonation tube on the overpressure and impulse distribution inside the Hele-Shaw Cell.It was found that the loading parameters of shock wave in Hele-Shaw Cell can be regulated by adjusting the ignition and detonation process and the initial conditions of premixed gas.