同时履行抗辩阻却履行迟延之效果研究

Study on the Effect of Exceptionon Adimpleti Contrattus On Delay

关于同时履行抗辩权发生的阻却履行迟延之效果,理论上长期存在"存在效果说"与"行使效果(溯及力)说"的争论,研究该问题有理论与实务的双重意义。存在效果说的排除届期事由与意思主义不符,其主张的同时履行抗辩权作为债务人履行迟延的不可归责要件不具有可行性。行使效果(溯及力)说与《民法典》第525条的规范意旨、同时履行抗辩的性质、我国的司法实践均是契合的,且在法学方法论上,可通过类推适用诉讼时效抗辩的方式来填补《民法典》第525条存在的开放型漏洞。在某些案例下,行使效果(溯及力)说存在局限性,应予以修正,形成行使效果(溯及力)修正说;在"定期诣交债务型""定期的债务人无须受领型"与"定期债权人无须协助之补充型"等债务人无法行使同时履行抗辩权的案例之下,应采取同时履行抗辩权的存在即阻却履行迟延的解释路径。在解释上,行使效果修正说更符合我国现行法律体系与实践。

There has long been a dispute between“existing effect doctrine”and“exercise effect doctrine”about the effect of delaying the occurrence of exceptionon adimpleti contrattus,which has both theoretical and practical significance.The existing effect doctrine does not accord with the doctrine of intention,and the exceptionon adimpleti contrattus advocated by the existing effect doctrine is not feasible as the non-imputable element of the debtor’s delay.The exercise effect doctrine(retrospective effect)is in accord with the specification of Article 525 of the Civil Code’s purpose.Also,it is in accord with the nature of the exceptionon adimpleti contrattus,the judicial practice of China.On the methodology of law,but through the analogy of the applicable statute of limitations defense way to fill the Civil Code Article 525 of the existence of the open legal loopholes.In some cases,the retroactivity doctrine has limitations and should be amended to existing effect doctrine.In the cases where the debtor is unable to exercise the right of defense in simultaneous performance,such as“periodical performance of debt”,“periodical debtor without receiving”and“periodical creditor without supplementary assistance”,the interpretation path of the existence of exceptionon adimpleti contrattus should be adopted.In terms of interpretation,the exercise effect amendment doctrine is more consistent with China’s current legal system and practice.