国际中文教育视域下汉语活力评估研究——以美国加州圣荷西地区为例

Study on Chinese Vitality Assessment under the Vision of International Chinese Education:Taking San Jose,California as An Example

语言活力评估是一个兼具基础性和理论性的研究领域,作为语言政策和语言规划学科的研究基础,这种基础性的语言活力评估工作是在国际社会中开展汉语宏观趋势研究的根本依据。根据改进后的"语言活力评估体系",其中一级指标包括社会指标、经济指标、政治指标、文化指标等四项,文章运用改进后的语言活力评估体系和案例研究法,对汉语在美国加州圣荷西地区的语言活力状况进行调查,结果显示,汉语活力指数值在经济领域中最高,其次是社会领域与政治领域,最后是文化领域,圣荷西地区汉语活力综合指数值为20.78%,语言活力等级为2级,活力程度较低。研究分析表明,汉语在目前美国社会中工作领域的低工具性价值、在教育和媒体领域尚缺乏制度性支持,以及美国政府基于"单语思维"的语言政策等,是造成汉语在圣荷西地区较低语言活力等级现状的主要原因。

This article adopts improved language vitality evaluation system and case study method to evaluate the language vitality of Chinese in San Jose,California in the US.A comprehensive analysis of the evaluation results pointed out the low instrumental value of the Chinese language in the field of American society and the lack of institutional support in the field of education and media.In addition,the US government’s language policy are the main reasons for the lower language vitality level of Chinese in San Jose.Language vitality evaluation is both a basic and theoretical research field,serving as the research basis of language policy and language planning disciplines.This basic language vitality assessment is the fundamental basis for the macro trend research of Chinese in the international community.By extensively investigating the use of Chinese as a second language in other countries and regions in social,economic,political,cultural and other fields,the actual Chinese education and communication effect can be evaluated and provide decision-making reference for the formulation of international Chinese education policies.