差异与互补:化性起伪与工夫论辨析

Difference and Mutual Complementation:Analysis on the Path to Realize the Psychological Education of Xunzi and Zhuzi

心性化育不只是百年树人之计,更是华夏文明绵延不绝的生生之根。荀况与朱熹两位启蒙思想家都对人的这一精神世界进行了热切的关注和深邃的思考,他们不仅对人的心性进行了学术定义,而且为人的心性培养和改造提供了行之有效的路径,创造性地把人的心性化育与国家管理、群治信仰结合起来,描绘了不同的理想政治境界。二人心性范畴的定义、心性化育途径阐释及其学术目的,存在着差异和互补,这种不可回避的矛盾和统一性,恰恰是中国优秀传统文化生生不息的根源。二人心性化育之学术成果不仅是中国传统文化的精髓,更是历代政治学的宝库。他们对化性起伪与工夫论的界定及藉此而创生的荀子礼学、朱子理学两大学术体系,仍然是我们当今提升整体民族素养、构建新型理想社会的借鉴。

Psychological education is not only a strategy to cultivate people for a century,but also the unending root of Chinese civilization.The two enlightening thinkers and educators,Xun Kuang and Zhu Xi,both paid eager attention to and thought deeply about this spiritual world of man.They not only provide an academic definition of“xinxing”(nature and temperament)of human,but also provide measures for the cultivation and transformation of“xinxing”,which creatively combines the education of human nature with state management and the belief in governance by the masses,depicting different ideal political realms.There are differences and complementarities in the definitions of the category of“xinxing”,the ways of cultivating“xinxing”,and the explanation of academic goals.These unavoidable contradiction and objective unity are precisely the root causes of the continuous growth of China’s excellent traditional culture.The academic achievements of the two-person characterization education are not only the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture,but also the banner of political science in the past.Their definitions of the theory of chemical initiation and Gongfu,and the two academic systems of Xunzi’s Confucianism and Zhuzi’s Confucianism that were created by,are still a valuable lesson for us to improve our overall national quality and build a new ideal society.