核电站技术廊道内火灾场景下人员伤害事故应急救援路线优化研究

Emergency Rescue Route Optimization for Personnel Injury Accidents in Fire Scenario of the Technical Corridor of a Nuclear Power Plant

核电站技术廊道空间狭长曲折,如果在火灾情景下再发生其他人员伤害事故,将会严重影响应急救援效率。为有效了解核电站技术廊道内火灾危险性及烟气蔓延情况,合理规划火灾场景下的应急救援路线,首先基于对某核电基地的实地考察和调研,在核电站现场挑选2处火灾事故危险性最大的着火点,应用FDS软件模拟分析了该核电站技术廊道内火灾烟气蔓延情况;然后选取3个人员伤害事故风险最大的事故点,借助Pathfinder软件对相关区域的应急救援时间进行仿真模拟对比,确定事故位置的最佳应急救援路线;最终结合火灾烟气蔓延情况和不同人员伤害事故位置的最佳应急救援路线,确定了该核电站技术廊道内火灾场景下应急救援疏散方案。结果表明:该核电站技术廊道内火灾场景下人员伤害事故的应急救援时间受火势发展和应急救援出入口布置情况的影响,原有的技术廊道出口设置不足以在复杂工况下提供最短的应急救援时间,进而给出该技术廊道内应急出口设置的改进建议。

The technical corridor of a nuclear power plant is long,narrow,and tortuous.If personnel injury accidents occur in the fire scenario,the rescue efficiency will be seriously affected.In order to understand the risk of fire and spread of smoke in the technical corridor,and design the emergency rescue route in the fire scene effectively,based on the field investigation and research of nuclear power base and simulation analysis of electronic software,this paper selects two ignition points with the greatest fire risk on the site,and simulates and analyzes the spread of fire smoke in the technical corridor using FDS software.Then the paper selects three accident points with the highest risk of personal injury accidents,and simulates and compares the emergency rescue time of the relevant areas by using the Pathfinder software to determine the best rescue route of the accident location.Finally,the paper determines the rescue and evacuation scheme in the fire scene in the technical corridor of a nuclear power plant based on the fire smoke spread and the best rescue route of different accident locations.The results show that the rescue time of personnel injury accidents in the fire scene of the technical corridor is affected by the fire development and the layout of the rescue entrances and exits,and the original exit setting of the technical corridor is unable to provide the shortest rescue time under complex working conditions.Based on the research results,the paper proposes the suggestions to improve the emergency exit setting of the technical corridor.