沿海滩涂石油污染生物修复技术

Bioremediation Technology for the Coastal Oil Pollution

我国世界一流港口的建设和海上运输业的发展,在一定程度上加大了沿海滩涂石油污染的风险。近年来国内外发展了许多沿海滩涂石油污染生物修复技术,根据不同的污染环境,生物修复策略也存在较大差异,且不同的生物修复策略,在沿海滩涂石油污染环境中的适用性也各不相同。针对沿海滩涂石油污染的生物修复策略的针对性和适用性进行总结。首先,基于原位生物修复策略,在回顾传统生物刺激修复策略的同时,对各种新兴生物刺激修复策略,包括添加增溶乳化剂、酶制剂和环保调节剂等策略进行了综述;然后基于石油烃降解功能菌和降解辅助菌对生物强化修复策略进行了归纳,并阐述了生物堆和生物反应器作为替代方案可以弥补沿海滩涂石油污染原位修复策略的不足;最后,总结了各类生物修复策略的适用环境,并对多学科交叉的生物修复技术研究方向进行了展望。该研究结果可为我国沿海滩涂石油污染控制提供技术参考。

The construction of world-class ports of our country and the development of maritime transportation have increased the risk of coastal oil pollution to a certain extent.In recent years,many bioremediation technologies for coastal oil pollution at home and abraod have been developed.There are great differences in bioremediation strategies according to different polluted environments,and the applicability of different bioremediation strategies for coastal oil pollution is also different.This paper summarizes the pertinence and applicability of different types of remediation technologies.First,based on in-site bioremediation strategies,the paper summarizes emerging biostimulation strategies,including solubilizing emulsifiers,enzyme preparations,and environmental regulators while reviewing traditional biostimulation strategies.Then the paper sums up different bioaugmentation treatments according to functional hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and auxiliary degrading bacteria.In addition,the review expounds the idea that biopiles and bioreactors as alternatives can make up for the deficiencies in the in-situ remediation of coastal oil pollution.Finally,the applicable environment of various bioremediation strategies is summarized,and the research direction of interdisciplinary bioremediation technology is prospected.The research can provide technical reference for coastal oil pollution control in China.