某大型低温运载火箭无人值守加注发射技术研究

Study on Large Cryogenic Launch Vehicle Unmanned Fueling and Launching

针对提升和保障航天发射人员安全问题,提出了低温运载火箭无人值守加注发射(CLVUFL)的理念和内涵。通过国内外代表性CLVUFL的技术对比,发现国内低温火箭加注发射应用CLVUFL技术存在箭地接口复杂、加注发射时间较长、关键设备可靠性有待提高、智能化自动化程度不高等主要问题。针对某大型低温运载火箭加注发射流程,通过分析现有人工测试项目的特点,发现关键测试项目时机靠后、关键设备可靠性不高、设备不具备自动或远控功能是制约无人值守的因素;提出了综合态势感知、远程/自动控制、可靠性增长、低温加注新技术应用的综合解决方案,并开展大口径侧向零秒脱落连接器、红外成像低温泄漏监测、发射塔架空间信息感知的样机研制和技术验证,为某大型低温运载火箭CLVUFL及其发射场工程改造提供技术支撑。

The concept of cryogenic launch vehicle unmanned fueling and launching(CLVUFL)has been defined with regards to the safety of space launching.The complicated interfaces between rocket and ground support,long time for fueling and launching,low reliability of critical equipment,and poor levels of intelligence and automation,are found to be the main problems by comparing the domestic and international representative CLVUFL technologies.Taking the fueling and launching process of a large cryogenic launch vehicle as the research object,three constraints,including unknown potential modes of critical equipment in launch vehicle(LV),low reliability of key devices in fueling system,and no remote or automatic control functions of facilities in launching site,are revealed based on the feature analysis of existing manual operations.An innovated technical solution is proposed by combining situation awareness,remote/automatic control,reliability growth and cryogenic fueling innovation.Furthermore,the prototypes of large caliber lateral zero-second separating connector,infrared imaging detect cryogenic propellant leak and spatial awareness of launching tower have been developed and tested.The work above provides a technical support to the certain rocket CLVUFL and launching site engineering transformation.