山东省地下水超采井灌区农业水权制度改革研究

Reform of agricultural water right system in well irrigation areas of groundwater over-exploitation in Shandong Province

山东省水资源严重短缺,农业灌溉用水主要依赖于地下水,地下水超采问题严重,对生态环境造成危害。从产权经济学角度对地下水超采原因分析得出,地下水资源具有“社团”产权属性是产生地下水超采问题的主要原因。地下水水权排他性不完全,产权界定不清晰,水权效率极低。水权市场制度建设不完整,无水权交易机制,导致水权转让受阻,进而导致地下水超采问题的发生。因此,应着力推进井灌区农业水权制度改革,将农业水权清晰界定到户与建立水权交易和流转机制有机统一起来,以此来优化地下水资源配置,解决地下水超采问题。

There is a severe shortage of water resources in Shandong Province,and the agricultural irrigation water mainly relies on groundwater.The problem of groundwater over-exploitation is serious,and it is harmful to the ecological environment of Shandong Province.From the perspective of property right economics,the reason for the groundwater over-exploitation is analyzed:groundwater resources have“community”property rights,which is the main reason for the problem of groundwater over-exploitation.The exclusivity of groundwater rights is not complete,the definition of property rights is not clear,and the efficiency of water rights is extremely low.In addition,due to the incomplete construction of the water right market system and the lack of a water right transaction mechanism,the transfer of water rights is blocked,which in turn leads to the occurrence of groundwater over-exploitation.Therefore,efforts should be made to promote the reform of the agricultural water right system in well irrigation areas,to clearly define the agricultural water rights to households and to establish the water right trading and circulation mechanism so as to optimize the allocation of groundwater resources and solve the problem of groundwater over-exploitation.