不同陆地棉纤维发育重要阶段形态学差异比较

Morphological Comparison of Fiber Development in Different Upland Cotton Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

【目的】研究不同陆地棉品种纤维发育形态学变化,比较棉纤维发育重要阶段的形态学差异。【方法】以新陆中82号、新陆中70号、新陆中38号以及15-1242为材料,在扫描电镜观察纤维在开花前1 d至开花后1 d的胚珠、发育21和28 d的纤维以及成熟纤维。【结果】随着开花时间的增加,胚珠表皮细胞的突起数量或伸长数量逐渐增加,开花当天的突起数量在5900~7800个/mm^(2),且中部棉铃的突起数量最多,在7000个/mm^(2)以上,开花后1 d的伸长数量在3000~6400个/mm^(2),中部棉铃的伸长数量最多,在5000个/mm^(2)以上;发育21和28 d的纤维表现为生育期短的品种比生育期长的品种早进入纤维加厚期,且生育期越短,在同一发育时期纤维的扭曲程度越大,不同开花期进入加厚期的快慢表现为7月14日开花的纤维最早,7月21日开花的纤维最晚;成熟纤维的中段纤维的扭曲和纵纹在不同开花期均有差异,新陆中70号的扭曲和纵深程度表现最明显,新陆中38号最不明显。【结论】生育期短的棉花品种纤维发育进程快,不同开花期纤维发育进程表现为中部棉铃纤维发育快于下部和上部,结合成熟纤维的扭曲和纵深程度来看,不同品种和开花期纤维形态学上发育的快慢差异可能是纤维品质间存在差异的原因之一。

【Objective】To understand the morphological changes of fiber development in different upland cotton varieties,and compare the morphological differences in important stages of fiber development.【Methods】Xinluzhong 82,Xinluzhong 70,Xinluzhong 38 and 15-1242 were taken as materials to observe the ovules of the fibers from the day before flowering to the day after flowering,the fibers of 21 days and 28 days of development,and mature fiber.【Results】It can be seen from the observation of ovules that,with the increase of flowering time,the number of protuberances or elongation of ovules epidermal cells gradually increases,and the number of protuberances on the day of flowering is 5,900-7,800 per square millimeter,and the number of protuberances in the middle boll is the largest,which is more than 7,000 per square millimeter.The number of elongation in the day after flowering ranged from 3,000 to 6,400 per square millimeter,with the largest number of elongation in the middle boll,above 5,000 per square millimeter;the 21-day and 28-day fibers show a short growth period Varieties with a longer growth period enter the fiber thickening period earlier,and the shorter the growth period,the greater the degree of fiber distortion during the same development period.The speed of entering the thickening period in different flowering periods is shown by the fibers that bloom on July 14.The fiber that blooms on July 21 is the earliest,and the fiber that blooms on July 21 is the latest;the twist and longitudinal lines of the middle section of the mature fiber are different in different blooming periods.The twist and depth of Xinluzhong 70 are the most obvious,and Xinluzhong 38 is the most obvious.Not obvious.【Conclusion】Based on the fiber development stage of different varieties,the fiber development process of the short growth period is faster.The fiber development process of the different flowering period is that the fiber development of the middle boll is faster than the lower and upper parts.In view of the distortion and depth of mature fibers,the differences in fiber morphology of different varieties and flowering stage may be one of the reasons for the differences in fiber quality.