农村厕所粪污无害化处理技术研究进展

A study on the harmless treatment technology of night soil in rural toilets

农村厕所粪污无害化处理对于预防粪口传播疾病和控制粪污环境污染,推动我国农村“厕所革命”,实现乡村振兴战略目标具有重要意义。本文对国内外的厕所粪污处理技术进行了梳理总结,分析了现有处理技术的优缺点和限制因素。结合当前我国厕所粪污处理现状及需求,提出应重视粪尿源头分离、加强节水型厕所研发,为粪污快速减量化和资源化提供先决条件。同时结合厕所粪污特性的梳理,提出应加强粪污农用验证和环境风险评价等研究,旨在为农村改厕技术产品选择以及粪污处理利用提供参考和借鉴。

The harmless treatment of night soil in rural toilets is significant for the“Toilet Revolution”and the strategy of rural vitalization in China, owing to the prevention of fecal-oral transmitted diseases and controlling night soil pollution. This paper summarizes the development of a technology for night soil treatment worldwide and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the technology and the influencing factors. Combined with the present situation and the demand for night soil treatment in China, this paper puts forward a research direction that should pay attention to the source separation of urine and feces, strengthening the research and development of water-saving toilets and providing a prerequisite for rapid reduction and resource utilization of night soil. At the same time, combined with combing the characteristics of night soil, it is suggested that the research on agricultural verification and environmental risk assessment by the application of night soil should be strengthened, aiming at providing a reference for the selection of rural toilet improvement technology products and the treatment and utilization of night soil.