巢湖地区农村生活污水产排污调研方法及实证

Investigation and demonstration of rural domestic sewage generation and discharge in the Chaohu area,China

农村推行厕所革命后,农村生活污水从产生源头出现了较大的水量和水质差异,改厕后的农村生活污水水质水量的变化将对农村生活污水处理设计方案参数的选取产生很大影响。本研究提炼出一套详细的改厕后农村生活污水产排污调研方法,根据该方法在巢湖地区新农村、兴庄村和周公山村进行农村生活污水产排污调研,3个村落总人口共计5930人。结果表明,巢湖地区农村居民污水产生系数为56.47 L∙人^(-1)∙d^(-1),其中灰水占比65.77%,黑水占比34.23%;农村居民生活污水化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)产污系数分别为35.29、1.46、4.31 g∙人^(-1)∙d^(-1)和0.22 g∙人^(-1)∙d^(-1),经过管网停留和降解,污水管网末端排污系数约为12.12、2.02、4.95 g∙人^(-1)∙d^(-1)和0.14 g∙人^(-1)∙d^(-1)。研究表明,提炼出的农村生活污水产排污调研方法科学合理,可以为调研方案的制定及开展调研实践提供指导。通过家庭层面的生活污水分类水量水质分析,黑水水量小且氮磷营养盐丰富,是很好的资源化利用对象,具有良好资源利用潜质。农村生活污水处理应充分结合农业生产,在降低污水处理难度和费用的同时,因地制宜进行资源化,提高技术推广应用的适应性。

The increased use of toilet-based sanitation in rural areas of China has markedly changed the amount and quality of rural domestic sewage emanating from the production sources.These changes in quality and quantity will significantly influence the selection of parameters for rural domestic sewage treatment design schemes.This study examined a set of detailed methods for the production and discharge of rural domestic sewage following widespread installation of toilets.Rural domestic sewage production and discharge surveys were conducted in three villages(Xinnong,Xingzhuang,and Zhougongshan)in the Chaohu area.The villages had a total of 5930 residents.The sewage generation coefficient in the Chaohu area was 56.47 L∙cap^(-1)∙d^(-1).Gray water accounted for 65.77%,and black water accounted for 34.23%of the discharges.The chemical oxygen demand,NH3-N,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus generation coefficient of rural domestic sewage residents were 35.29,1.46,4.31 g∙cap^(-1)∙d^(-1) and 0.22 g∙cap^(-1)∙d^(-1),respectively.After retention and degradation in the pipe network,the discharge coefficient at the outlet of the sewage pipe network was 12.12,2.02,4.95 g∙cap^(-1)∙d^(-1) and 0.14 g∙cap^(-1)∙d^(-1).The proposed research methods for rural domestic sewage generation and discharge are scientifically sound and reasonable,and will provide guidance for the formulation of research plans and implementation of research practices.The analysis of water quality and water quantity by classification of domestic sewage at the household level revealed the low content of black water and the enrichment of black water for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients.Black water is a potentially valuable material for agriculture.Rural domestic sewage treatment should be fully integrated with agricultural production,with the goals of reducing the difficulty and cost of sewage treatment.Resourcing according to local conditions could improve the adaptability and use of the technology as well.