制革行业土壤铬污染特征及其影响因素

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHROMIUM POLLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS IN LEATHER INDUSTRY

为了解制革场地土壤Cr(Ⅵ)污染情况和分布特征,选取我国3种典型制革企业用地的土壤和污泥样品,分析了制革行业土壤铬污染特征。结果表明:调查的Ⅰ型制革企业场地土壤Cr(Ⅵ)含量最高为48 mg/kg,超过GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》筛选值,存在环境风险。调查的Ⅱ型制革企业环保设施完善,场地土壤Cr(Ⅵ)含量低于GB 36600—2018筛选值,土壤Cr(Ⅵ)环境风险低。Ⅱ型制革企业危险废物暂存间污泥总铬含量高达85377 mg/kg, Cr(Ⅵ)含量最高为1455 mg/kg。调查的Ⅲ型制革企业场地泥土混合物总铬含量为1564~28000 mg/kg, Cr(Ⅵ)含量最高为250 mg/kg,相较于Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型制革企业场地,受到严重污染。总体上,制革企业用地土壤铬污染物以Cr(Ⅲ)形态为主,Cr(Ⅵ)形态占比少,不足1%。

In order to understand the soil Cr(Ⅵ) pollution and distribution characteristics in the sludge and soil of tanning site, soil and sludge samples of three typical site in China were selected to analyze the soil Cr(Ⅵ) pollution characteristics of tanning industry. The results showed that the highest content of soil Cr(Ⅵ) in the investigated type Ⅰ tanning enterprise’s site was 48 mg/kg, which exceeded the screening value of the standard of soil pollution risk control for construction land(GB 36600—2018). There was pollution and environmental risk in Cr(Ⅵ). The investigated type Ⅱ tanning enterprise’s site had complete environmental protection facilities, and the content of soil Cr(Ⅵ) was generally low, lower than the screening value of GB 36600—2018, with a lower environmental risk. The total chromium content of sludge in the temporary storage room of hazardous waste in type Ⅱ tanning enterprises’ s site was as high as 85377 mg/kg, and the highest Cr(Ⅵ) content was 1455 mg/kg. The total chromium content of soil mixture in type Ⅲ tanning enterprise’s site investigated ranged from 1564 to 28000 mg/kg, and the highest Cr(Ⅵ) content was 250 mg/kg. Compared with type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ tanning sites, it was seriously polluted. In general, Cr(Ⅲ) was the main form of soil chromium in tanning sites, and Cr(Ⅵ) accounted for less than 1%.