基于GIS的《读史方舆纪要》地名文化景观空间分布研究——以“南直隶”为例

Study on the the Spatial Distribution of Toponym Cultural Landscape of Dushi Fangyu Jiyao based on GIS:Taking“Nanzhili”as an Example

明末清初顾祖禹《读史方舆纪要》是一本以地名为载体,记载历史自然地理与历史人文地理的巨著。文章以其中有关“南直”地区(相当今江苏、安徽、上海)记载的地名作为研究对象,运用GIS技术分析发现,区域内的差异反映了基于自然条件、交通条件与区位条件的不同而产生的文化景观。自然景观类地名主要集中在长江沿线和江南地区,反映该区域低山丘陵较多,河流水系发达的地貌景观;文化景观类地名集中在应天府及京杭大运河沿线,反映出该区域经济发达,人才辈出的人文特色,以及规划建设完备,功能区完善的城市风貌。该项研究有助于了解明代南直地区的地名文化景观的特色及其分布,这种方法也可以用于其他区域的历史地理景观研究。

Gu Zuyu’s Dushi Fangyu Jiyao in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties is a masterpiece that records historical physical geography and historical human geography under the carrier of toponyms.This paper takes the toponym recorded in the"Nanzhi"region(relative to Jiangsu,Anhui,and Shanghai)in Dushi Fangyu Jiyao as the research object.Using GIS technology,it is found that the differences in the region reflect the cultural landscape based on the differences of natural conditions,traffic conditions and location conditions.The natural landscape toponyms are mainly concentrated along the Yangtze River and the south of the Yangtze River,reflecting the region’s low mountains and hills and developed river systems;the cultural landscape toponyms are concentrated in Yingtianfu and along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,reflecting the region the economy is developed,the humanistic characteristics of talented people,and the city style with complete planning and construction and complete functional areas.This research is helpful to understand the characteristics and distribution of the toponym cultural landscapes in Nanzhi area in Ming Dynasty.This method can also be used for historical and geographical landscape research in other regions.