民警执法执勤伤亡事件实证分析与预防对策

Empirical Analysis and Its Preventive Measures on Casualty Incidents of Law Enforcement Officers

警察的安全意识水平是影响执法执勤伤亡的一个重要因素。通过对2015年至2020年民警执法执勤遭遇袭击和意外伤害牺牲事件的实证研究,分析民警执法执勤牺牲事件的形式特点和致伤原因,从高风险袭警人群、高风险执法执勤环境、高风险执法执勤活动和民警自身安全意识等方面全面梳理执法执勤常见危险因素与安全风险,同时借鉴美国警察执法安全的理念和培训模式,提出增强民警安全意识和安全风险评估能力的有效措施,即通过前期评估、现场评估和动态评估及时识别和准确评估民警执法执勤全过程中存在的各种安全风险,从根本上预防和减少民警执法执勤伤亡事件的发生。

The safety awareness is a significant factor contributing to the casualty incidents of law enforcement officers.Through the empirical research on the incidents of assault and accidental injury sacrifice of police officers on duty from 2015 to 2020,the common security risks of law enforcement are sorted out from four aspects:high-risk population for attacking officers,the scene of the law enforcement,types of the law enforcement and police themselves.Meanwhile,countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing officer’s safety awareness are proposed by using the foreign law enforcement safety principles and officer’s safety awareness training experiences for reference.The purpose of this study is to improve officer’s assessment capability of safety risk during the whole law enforcement through pre-assessment,field assessment,dynamic assessment,and finally reduce the casualty incidents of law enforcement officers.