新疆乌恰康苏地区构造地貌与景观生态格局研究

A study on tectonic geomorphology and landscape ecological pattern in the Kangsu area,Wuqia,Xinjiang

新疆乌恰康苏地区位于西昆仑山与西南天山对冲作用形成的盆山耦合带,其构造地貌具有显著的山地-平原分布格局特征。文章以“3S”技术为基础进行构造地貌填图,划分新疆乌恰康苏地区的景观类型,研究构造地貌对该区域景观生态格局的影响。采用垂向山地-平原构造地貌为指标,划分5个景观类;以土地利用类型+植被覆盖为指标,划分6个景观型;按照雪山、草地、河流自然生态系统,农田、村镇、工矿人工生态系统划分23个景观类型。结果表明康苏地区整体形成以河流为廊道,以山地景观、平原景观、村镇景观、工矿景观、农田景观为斑块的盆-山-原镶嵌构造景观生态格局。构造运动引起的山脉-高原隆升以及克孜勒苏河-康苏河等的持续性侵蚀作用,直接影响了乌恰-黑孜苇-玛依喀克的景观生态格局演化。

The Kangsu area is located in the basin-mountain coupling zone formed by the alluvial action of the West Kunlun Mountains and the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains.Its tectonic landforms show significant characteristics of mountain-plain distribution pattern.Our study aims to explore the causes of the tectonic landforms and the evolution rules.Based on“3 S”technology,we carried out a tectonic geomorphic mapping to classify the landscape ecological types and study the impact of tectonic geomorphology on the landscape ecological patten in this region.We then sorted out five landscape classes using vertical mountain-plain tectonic landforms as an indicator and six landscape types using land-use type and vegetation cover as indicators.Then we further classified the study area into twenty-three landscapes according to natural ecosystems(snow mountains,grasslands,rivers)and artificial ecosystems(farmlands,towns,industrial mines).Our findings show that the overall Kangsu area forms a basin-mountain-plain inlaid tectonic landscape ecological pattern with rivers as corridors and five landscapes,namely mountains,plains,towns,industrial mines,farmlands,as patches.The tectonic movements caused by the uplift of mountains and plateaus as well as the continuous erosion of the Kizilsu River and the Kangsu River directly affect the evolution of the landscape and ecological pattern of the Wuqia-Heiziwei-Mayikake area.