《史记·天官书》与《汉书·天文志》之勘比

A Comparison between Shi Ji Tian Guan Shu and Han Shu Tian Wen Zhi

根源于农耕文明社会的天文观测和星象占卜,对后来的历史和自然科学影响很大。《史记·天官书》与《汉书·天文志》是先秦以来天文学成就的总结和系统化,它一方面代表了“星野观”与“天人感应”观点的起点,另一方面也代表了古代自然科学天文学领域的发展。两汉的《天官书》和《天文志》体现了司马迁与班固和那个时代人们对天文学的认知,从其时间记录体系、节气意义、行星占卜意义进行对比与分析,了解汉以前人们对斗转星移的深刻认识,以及所形成的体系化的政治学、天文学、星占学之间的密切关系。

Astronomical observation and astrology divination,which are rooted in the farming civilized society,have a great influence on the later history and natural science.Shi Ji Tian Guan Shu and Han Shu Tian Wen Zhi are the summary and systematization of astronomical achievements since the Pre-Qin Dynasty.They represent the starting point of“the view of stars and fields”and“the interaction between heaven and man”.on the one hand,the development of ancient natural science astronomy on the other.Shi Ji Tian Guan Shu and Han Shu Tian Wen Zhi in Han Dynasty reflect Sima Qian’s and Ban Gu’s cognition of astronomy and people of that time.By comparing and analyzing their time record system,solar terms significance and planetary divination significance,we can understand people’s deep understanding of the vicissitudes of life before Han Dynasty and the close relationship among systematic politics,astronomy and astrology.