大兴安岭漠河-塔河地区土地利用及生态状况动态分析

Dynamic Analysis of Land Use and Ecological Condition in Mohe-Tahe District,Greater Hinggan Mountains

土地利用类型的变化反映了自然及人类活动的改造,同时会影响所处地区甚至全球的生态条件。漠河-塔河地区位于大兴安岭北部,森林、湿地资源丰富,为掌握区内生态状况及变化,利用Landsat系列遥感数据,分别对研究区1985年、1998年、2008年和2018年土地利用类型进行提取,分析各土地利用相互转化特征及影响因素,计算不同年份的生态环境状况指数。结果表明:研究区土地利用以林地、湿地和灌木为主,植被覆盖率约为98%,土地利用增加最明显的为耕地、城乡用地、其他土地,减少最明显的为草地、灌丛沼泽,自然环境和耕地开发对研究区土地利用变化起主导作用,温度和蒸散发的升高对土地利用变化现状具有促进作用。1985—1998年、1998—2008年生态环境状况略微变好,2008—2018年总体生态环境状况显著变好,由良好提升为优秀,各项生态保护政策在维护生态安全、促进当地绿色经济发展中起到了重要作用。

Changes of land use types reflect the remold of natural environment and human activities,and affect local and even global ecological conditions.Mohe-Tahe district,with high forest coverage and rich wetland resources,is located in the north of the Greater Hinggan Mountains,in order to understand the ecological condition and changes,remote sensing imageries of 1985,1998,2008 and 2018 were utilized to reveal mutual transformation of different land use types,driving factors and calculate the ecological environment indexes.Results show that land use types in study area are mainly forest,marsh and shrub,vegetation accounts for approximately 98%of the total area,the increase of cultivated land,construction land,other land and the decrease of grass land,shrub swamp are the most obvious,natural factors(mainly increase of temperature and evapotranspiration)and reclamation of cultivated land are main drivers of land use change.Ecological environment conditions in study area remain favorable from 1985 to 1998,and from 1998 to 2008,and grade to excellent from 2008 to 2018,ecological protection policies play important roles in ecological security and developing green economy.