20世纪二三十年代日本“文部省检定试验中国文学史”刍议

A Discussion on the Japanese MonbushōKentei Juken Shinabungaku-shi in the 1920s and 1930s

日本“文部省检定试验”(1885—1948)以资格考试的形式,补充师范教育体系,完善教师许可证制度。它催生出的众多考试参考书成为了一种特殊的历史文化现象,反映了日本近代化进程中学术、教育与政治的互动关系。《教育敕语》体系下的“文检国语及汉文科”,某种程度上延续了自6世纪孝德天皇以来的汉文教育传统,但把中国文学史这种新型的学术范式作为教师资格考试的参考,在知识体系和理论框架上对国语及汉文科教师提出了新的要求。致力于构建符合日本意识形态以及近代化需求的知识体系的“文检中国文学史”,在文学观念、撰史方法、思想意图等方面所体现出的特征,与汉文教育功能的变动、汉学学术范式的沿革、国家主义意识形态的浸染密切相关。

MonbushōKentei Juken(the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,1885—1948)supplemented the educational system of Japanese teachers with the MonbushōKentei Juken Shina bungaku-shi(qualification examination)and was committed to building a knowledge system that met the needs of Japanese ideology and modernization.The numerous examination reference books produced became a special historical and cultural phenomenon,reflecting the interaction between the academia,education and politics in the process of Japanese modernization.It also put forward new requirements on teachers of Chinese Languages,Expressions and Literature(CLEL)regarding their mastery of knowledge and theories.The characteristics of the history of Chinese literature,which was devoted to the construction of a knowledge system in line with Japanese ideology and modernization,are closely related to the changes of the educational functions of Kan bun kyōiku(Chinese language education),the change and development of the Chinese academic paradigm and the dissemination of the nationalist ideology in terms of the literary conceptions,history-writing methodologies and ideological intentions.