新加坡突发公共卫生事件应急治理体系及其评价

Evaluation on the Emergency Governance System of Public Health Emergencies in Singapore

新加坡在防控新冠肺炎疫情中公共卫生治理体系发挥了重要作用。其主要治理机构为多部门专责小组和卫生部等;治理方式采用全政府整合风险管理框架,制定并适用了多部法律法规及政策文件;治理机制包括预警响应、检疫隔离、医疗救治、信息分享和物资储备等;治理优势为软硬结合、防御性风险交流、数字官僚化及高质量医疗体系,不足之处则是过度强调社群成员利益、过早偏离防疫措施及政府缺乏全面分析能力。继续完善抗疫评估反馈机制、实现防控全过程数字化及建立“平战结合”的分诊体系,有利于提高现代化的公共卫生应急治理能力和水平。

Singapore's public health governance system has played an important role in COVID-19 prevention and control.Multi-agency Taskforce and the Ministry of Health are the main governance bodies,and a whole-of-gov⁃ernment integrated risk management framework is used to develop and apply multiple laws,regulations and policy documents.Governance mechanisms include early warning response,quarantine and isolation,medical treatment,in⁃formation sharing and material stockpiling.The strengths of Singapore's governance are the combination of hard and soft,defensive risk communication,digital bureaucracy,and high-quality healthcare system,but the weaknesses are overemphasis on community members'interests,premature deviation from pandemic prevention measures,and gov⁃ernment's lack of comprehensive analysis.In order to improve public health emergency governance,modern coun⁃tries should improve the feedback mechanism for pandemic evaluation,digitize the entire prevention and control pro⁃cess,and establish a triage system combining both peacetime and wartime.