论重大突发事件处置中公民的容忍义务

On the Citizen’s Duty of Tolerance in Dealing With the Major Emergency

在重大突发事件处置期间,公民负有一种特殊的容忍义务。公民容忍义务是公共利益与个人利益之间、社会公共秩序与个人自由之间、公民生命健康权与其他权利自由之间、公民权利与公权力之间平衡的必然要求。容忍义务主要是公民对行政机关处置突发事件而缩减法律程序、临时运用非正式文件作为处置依据、执法机构及其人员资格的瑕疵、对公民权利侵犯暂时不予救济等情形的容忍。容忍方式包括公民的自我克制、无条件服从、主动配合等。当然,要求公民容忍并非毫无限度,而是具有一定底线,即不能侵犯公民生命健康、不能有损公民人格尊严、不能违反非歧视原则等。

During emergencies,citizens have a duty of tolerance.The duty of tolerance is the inevitable result of the balance between public interest and individual interest,between public order and individual freedom,between citizen’s right to life and health and other rights and freedoms,and between citizen’s right and public power.Civil tolerance consists mainly of the tolerance of the executive branch to reduce legal procedures to deal with emergencies,the temporary application of informal documents as the basis for handling,flaws in the qualifications of law enforcement agencies and personnel,and the temporary absence of relief for the violation of civil rights.The ways of tolerance include self-restraint,unconditional obedience,active cooperation,etc.Of course,civil tolerance is not without limits,but has a certain bottom line,that is,no infringement on the life and health of citizens,no infringement on the human dignity,no violation of the principle of non-discrimination,etc.