京剧与新文化运动——以梅兰芳京剧艺术为例

Peking Opera and the New Culture Movement

发生于1915—1923年的新文化运动,在中国的文化领域产生了重大影响。京剧作为传统文化中的重要组成部分,在新文化运动的背景下也发生了深刻变化。尤其是在1919年的“五四”运动前后,学界展开了以京剧为代表的戏曲问题的论战。而1919年恰是梅兰芳京剧事业的一个重要分水岭,从此梅兰芳步入自己的艺术鼎盛期。这场运动不仅为身处新旧交替、社会动荡历史环境中的梅兰芳在思想上带来深刻思考,而且还使梅兰芳在艺术创作中进行改良,从历史发展的视野看,更为梅兰芳京剧艺术的流派形成甚或整个京剧的发展都带来深远影响。

The New Culture Movement,which took place from 1915 to 1923,had a great impact on China's cultural field.As an important part of traditional culture,Peking Opera has also undergone profound changes under the background of the New Culture Movement.Especially before and after the May 4th Movement in 1919,the academic circles launched a debate on the drama represented by Peking Opera.1919 was an important watershed in Mei Lanfang's Peking Opera career.According to the stages of her artistic career,Mei Lanfang has stepped into the heyday of her art since then.The New Culture Movement not only brought profound thinking to Mei Lanfang in the historical environment of the alternation of the old and the new and social unrest,but also improved his artistic creation.From the perspective of historical development,it also had a far-reaching impact on the formation of Mei Lanfang's School of Peking Opera art or even the development of the whole Peking Opera.