大白菜CMS不育类型的鉴定及细胞学观察

Identification of sterile and cytological observation of CMS lines of Chinese cabbages

探求大白菜CMS不育类型及发生的时期、特点,利用PCR扩增方法鉴定CMS的类型,并采用石蜡切片的方法观察花蕾不同长度时花药的发育情况。结果表明,I晋毛不育系、II苔不育系为Polima型雄性不育系类型,III紫不育系为Ogura型雄性不育系类型;保持系花粉皆正常发育,I晋毛不育系花蕾在长度小于等于1 mm时就明显观察到花药发育异常,II苔不育系和III紫不育系可以形成花粉囊但大多呈现畸形,在后期花药内出现多药隔、无药隔或花粉粘连在一起使其无法进行正常散粉。综上,3种CMS不育系皆不属于nap型雄性不育系;花蕾中花粉败育的时期很早,当L≤1 mm时就决定了花药能否形成花粉囊产生花药。本研究为利用CMS不育系培育新品种奠定了基础。

In order to exam the sterility type,sterility onsetting time and sterility characteristics of CMS Chinese cabbage lines,PCR amplification and paraffin section of flower buds were conducted in this experiment.The results showed that Jinmao I male sterile line and Tai II male sterile lines were Polima type male sterile,and Purple III male sterile line was Ogura type male sterile.The pollen of maintainer lines developed normally.Abnormal anther development was observed when the flower bud of Jinmao male sterile line reached less than or equal to 1mm.Pollen sacs were formed in Tai II male sterile line and Purple III male sterile line,but most of them showed deformity.In the later stage the pollen sac had multiple septa,no septum or pollen adhered together,so that pollen grains could not disperse normally.These results suggest that three CMS male sterile lines evaluated in this experiment do not belong to nap type male sterile.The pollen abortion initiated at very early stage of flower development,flower bud less than or equal to 1mm.Our discoveries provided a foundation for new Chinese cabbage CMS male sterile line development.