复合施肥模式对一年三茬娃娃菜产量及耕地质量的影响

Effects of a new fertilization model on yield of mini-Chinese cabbage with three crops a year and tillage soil quality

为优化张掖市娃娃菜栽培技术,提高娃娃菜栽培效益,减少农业面源污染,改善耕地质量,张掖市耕地质量建设管理站于2019—2020年在张掖市临泽县以“土壤调理剂+生物有机肥料+尾菜堆沤还田”优化施肥模式进行了露地一年三茬娃娃菜优化施肥技术试验研究及示范推广。结果表明,按照“土壤调理剂+生物有机肥料+尾菜堆沤还田”施肥模式一年三茬娃娃菜施肥较常规施肥三茬平均增产7228.7 kg·hm^(-2),增产率达7.2%;较常规施肥总增产值17568.4元·hm^(-2),总增效15822.4元·hm^(-2);该模式试验前后有机质、全氮、速效钾等土壤养分含量明显提高,耕作层土壤容重减少0.05~0.06 g·cm^(3),孔隙度增加了1.39%~1.48%,耕地质量得到改善。该模式可以在张掖市甘州区、临泽县、高台县露地推广。

A new fertilization model,soil conditioner+biological organic fertilizer+crop residue,was tested for its effect on production profit,soil pollution reduction,soil quality improvement compared to the conventional fertilization in open field mini-Chinese cabbage production with 3 crops a year.The results showed that with the new fertilization model the average yield of mini-Chinese cabbage increased by 7228.7 kg·hm^(-2) or 7.2%for each of the three crops compared with conventional fertilization.The total revenue for all three crops increased RMB 17568.4·hm^(-2) and the profit was RMB 15822.4·hm^(-2) for the new fertilization model.Soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available potassium were significantly increased after utilization of the new fertilization model.The density of tillage soil decreased by 0.05-0.06 g·cm^(3),porosity increased by 1.39%-1.48%,indicating significantly improved soil quality with the new fertilization model.This new fertilization model can be used in Ganzhou District,Linze County and Gaotai County and Zhangye City for mini-Chinese cabbage production.