瑞士大学入学考试制度探析

The Exploration of the Switzerland’s University Entrance Examination System

瑞士存在3种不同形式的中学,即普通学校、普通文化学校和初始职业培训机构,对应的大学入学考试(即中学会考)分别为普通类会考、职业类会考和专业类会考。通过对瑞士大学入学考试制度的探析发现,其具有科学性、公平性、灵活性和以人为本等特点。结合瑞士大学入学考试制度特点,对我国高考改革的启示是:(1)建立职业教育高考制度,提升高考公平性;(2)合理设置考试内容和方法,坚持统一性原则;(3)建立科学的考试评价标准,重视人的因素;(4)建立新高考改革协同治理机制。

There are three different types of secondary school in Switzerland,namely,general schools,general culture schools and initial vocational training institutions,which correspond to the different college entrance examinations(i.e.the baccalaureate):the general baccalaureate,the professional baccalaureate and the specialized baccalaureate.The result of the exploration of the Switzerland’s college entrance examination system shows that it is scientific,fair,flexible and people-oriented.In light of the characteristics of the Switzerland’s university entrance examination system,the following are the implications for China’s college entrance examination reform:(a)set up the vocational college entrance examination;(b)set up reasonable examination contents and methods;(c)set up scientific examination evaluation criteria;(d)establish a collaborative governance mechanism for the new college entrance examination reform.