质子交换膜燃料电池研究进展

An overview of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)因具有效率高、功率密度大、排放产物仅为水、低温启动性好等多方面优点,被公认为下一代车用动力的发展方向之一。然而,目前PEMFC在耐久性和成本方面距离商业化的要求还存在一定差距。为攻克上述两大难题,需要燃料电池全产业链的共同努力和进步。本文回顾了近年来质子交换膜燃料电池从催化剂、膜电极组件、电堆到燃料电池发动机全产业链的研究进展和成果,梳理出单原子催化剂、非贵金属催化剂、特殊形貌催化剂、有序化催化层、高温质子交换膜、膜电极层间界面优化、一体化双极板-扩散层、氢气系统循环等研究热点。文章指出,催化层低铂/非铂化、质子交换膜超薄化、膜电极组件梯度化/有序化、燃料电池运行高温化、自增湿化是未来的发展趋势,迫切需要进一步的创新与突破。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)has been considered as one of the most promising next-generation power sources for clean automobiles because of their advantages in efficiency,power density,environmental friendliness,low temperature start ability,etc..However,the gap between the durability and cost of PEMFC and those of commercialization requirements is still large.To overcome the above-mentioned two major problems,joint efforts and progress of the entire fuel cell process chain are required.In this paper,the recent research progress of the entire PEMFC process chain,from catalysts,membrane electrode assemblies(MEA),fuel cell stacks to fuel cell engines,are analyzed and classified reviewed,and research hotspots such as single-atom catalysts,non-noble metal catalysts,special morphology catalysts,ordered catalyst layers,high-temperature proton exchange membranes,MEA interlayer interface optimization,integrated porous bipolar plates,hydrogen circulation,are introduced.This paper points out that low/non-platinum catalyst layers,ultra-thin proton exchange membranes,gradient/ordered MEA,high-temperature operation and self-humidification of fuel cells are the future development trends,of which further innovation and breakthrough are urgently needed.