工商业与人权的反身法路径--基于法韩两国案例的分析

Reflexive Law Approach to Business and Human Rights:Cases in France and Korea

在工商业与人权话语下所解决的各种问题中,发生在发展中国家的企业侵犯人权行为是核心问题。鉴于政府通常缺乏能力和意愿,这些问题很难得到解决。在此情形下,反身法路径或许可以成为解决工商业与人权问题的正道。反身法理论认为现代社会问题的高度复杂性极大地钳制了法律的支配力,转而致力于增强其他社会子系统的自我监管能力。这种路径在环境问题的解决中得到先试先行。在将其运用于解决工商业与人权问题方面,法国和韩国已经作出开创性的探索。与此同时,法国《公司警戒义务法》和韩国对公共机构的工商业与人权政策中存在的缺陷表明,反身性工商业与人权法不总是会带来企业人权绩效提高的效果,它同样需要在持续的反身性审视中逐步完善。

Among the various issues addressed under the business and human rights discourse,corporate human rights abuses occurring in developing countries are at the core.These issues are extremely difficult to solve because governments are often devoid of the capacity and willingness.In such cases,reflexive law approach may be the right way to address business and human rights issues.The reflexive law theory believes that the high complexity of modern social problems suppresses the dominant power of the law,and instead strives to enhance the self-supervision ability of other social subsystems.This approach is tried first in the process of solving environmental problems.In applying it to address business and human rights issues,France and South Korea have made pioneering exploration.At the same time,the defects in the French Duty of Vigilance Law and the business and human rights policy in Korea on public institutions show that reflexive business and human rights laws do not always bring the effect of improving human rights performance of corporates,but they also need to be gradually improved in continuous reflexive examination.