上海市土地整治区土壤环境因子与草本植物群落分析研究

Research on soil environmental factors and herbaceous community of land consolidate area in Shanghai

为探究上海市土地整治区不同用地类型土壤环境质量与草本植物特征,本文调查了农田、园地、林地、建设用地4种用地类型的土壤环境质量和草本植物分布特征,通过Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数和丰富度等方法研究了草本植物多样性特征及其与土壤因子之间的关系。结果显示:调查区域土壤质量地球化学综合等级由高到低依次为林地、农田、园地、建设用地,其中园地土壤养分不均衡;调查区域草本植物以菊科和禾本科为主,种系分化程度较低,入侵物种占比较高且部分已形成优势种;草本植物物种丰富度以林地为最高,农田最低,但生物多样性以园地最高,林地最低,说明受森林类型和郁闭度等因素影响,调查区域林地的质量不均一。草本植物多样性与土壤因子相关性分析表明:土壤中水解性氮与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson指数呈显著正相关,与多数重金属未达到显著相关,说明水解性氮是影响调查区域草本植物多样性的主要因素之一,而重金属对于草本植物而言不是限制因子。丰富度与土壤中速效钾呈显著正相关,Pielou指数与砷达到显著正相关。因此,对调查区域土壤应适当施加有机肥加以改善,并及时清除入侵植物,有利于草本植物群落生长和生物多样性的稳定。

In order to explore the soil environmental quality and herbaceous plant characteristics of different land in Shanghai land consolidation area.In this paper,the soil environmental quality and distribution characteristics of herbaceous plants were investigated for four types land:farmland,garden,forest and construction land.Characteristics and their relationship to soil factors.The results showed that:(1)The comprehensive grade of soil quality geochemistry was forest>farm>garden>construction,and the soil nutrients in the garden were not balanced;(2)The herbaceous plants were mainly Compositae and Gramineae,and the degree of species differentiation was relatively high.(3)The species richness index of herbaceous plants is highest in forest and lowest in farm,but the biodiversity is highest in garden and lowest in forest,indicating that due to the influence of forest type and canopy closure,the quality of forest in the survey area is not uniform.(4)The correlation analysis between herb diversity and soil factors showed that:hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil was significantly positively correlated with Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson index,but not significantly correlated with most heavy metals,indicating that hydrolyzable nitrogen was an important factor affecting the investigation,and heavy metals are not limiting factors for herbs.Abundance(S)was significantly positively correlated with available potassium in soil,Pielou index was significantly positively correlated with arsenic.Therefore,the soil should be properly improved with organic fertilizers,and invasive plants should be removed in time,which is conducive to the growth of herbaceous plant communities and the stability of biodiversity.