结核病发病机制的研究进展

Research progress in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis

结核病(Tuberculosis,TB)是由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium Tuberculosis,M.tb)感染引起的、主要引发肺部炎症的慢性传染性疾病,在人类历史上已存在上千年并且严重危害人体健康,是一个亟待攻破的全球性公共卫生难题。其发病机制复杂多样,具体涉及遗传进化及分子生物学等多个方面。近年来,关于结核病发病机制方面的研究不断深入,为结核病的诊断治疗和疫苗研发等开辟了新的方向,本文主要从免疫相关基因、MTBC的变异与进化、免疫细胞和肉芽肿与结核病的关系以及影响宿主代谢的角度加以综述。

Tuberculosis(TB)is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,which results mainly in lung inflammation.This pathogen has existed for thousands of years in human history and severely endangers human health.TB remains a public health problem to be addressed.Its pathogenesis is complex and diverse,involving many aspects of genetic evolution and molecular biology.In recent years,research on the pathogenesis of TB has progressed,thus opening new directions for TB diagnosis and treatment,and vaccine research and development.This review focuses on immunologically associated genes,the variation and evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,the relationship between immunocytes and granuloma and TB,and the effects on host metabolism.