政策工具视角下我国慈善领域政策研究—— 基于2014—2020 年的国家政策文本

Research on My Country's Philanthropy Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools——Based on National Policy Texts from 2014 to 2020

新冠肺炎疫情期间,个别慈善组织在疫情应急管理中的被动表现被曝光,引起了人们对慈善组织公信力的议论。基于政策工具视角,以国家层面2014-2020年的慈善政策为研究对象,可从基本政策工具、慈善项目阶段和慈善政策目标三个维度构建慈善政策三维分析框架,并对慈善政策文本进行量化分析。分析结果显示,目前政府出台的慈善政策或存在不同类型政策工具使用不平衡、同种政策工具内部不均衡、慈善政策和慈善项目各阶段匹配度不高以及慈善政策目标完成不全面等问题。为此,一要均衡合理使用政策工具,进一步细化明确政策内容,增强指导针对性,同时持续推动慈善领域立法,助推慈善机构自身制度和功能的建设;二要完善不同阶段的慈善政策,重点关注“效果评估”阶段的政策规定,可通过引入第三方评估等方式对慈善项目和组织进行定性评估,同时加强需求型政策在监督反馈与效果评估阶段的运用,优化政策工具的内容结构,强化政策工具与慈善项目各阶段的匹配度;三要实现全面达成慈善政策目标,将激励和规范的政策目标通盘考虑,避免某一目标的滞后或延误;四要强化多部门的协同配合,重视各部门间、层级间的信息共享,在明确责任边界的同时,加强政策的联动性,为慈善事业提供更具针对性、科学性和综合性的政策指导。

During the COVID-19 epidemic,the passive performance of individual charitable organizations in the emergency management of the epidemic was exposed,causing people to discuss the credibility of charitable organizations.Based on the perspective of policy tools,taking the 2014-2020 philanthropy policy at the national level as the research object,a three-dimensional analysis framework of philanthropy policy can be constructed from the three dimensions of basic policy tools,philanthropy project stages and philanthropy policy goals,and a quantitative analysis of philanthropy policy texts is carried out..The analysis results show that the current charitable policies issued by the government may have problems such as unbalanced use of different types of policy tools,internal unbalance of the same policy tools,poor matching of charitable policies and charitable projects at various stages,and incomplete completion of charitable policy goals.To this end,first,it is necessary to use policy tools in a balanced and rational manner,further refine and clarify policy content,and enhance the pertinence of guidance.Focus on the policies and regulations in the"effect evaluation"stage.Qualitative evaluation of charitable projects and organizations can be carried out by introducing third-party evaluation and other methods.Strengthen the matching between policy tools and various stages of charity projects;thirdly,to achieve the goal of philanthropy policy in an all-round way,take into account the policy goals of incentives and norms,and avoid the lag or delay of a certain goal;fourthly,strengthen the coordination and cooperation of multiple departments,pay attention to Information sharing between departments and levels,while clarifying the boundaries of responsibility,strengthens the linkage of policies,and provides more targeted,scientific and comprehensive policy guidance for philanthropy.