新中国成立以来中小学价值观教育的历史演进

The Historical Evolution of Values Education in Primary and Secondary Schools Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China

回顾和反思新中国成立以来中小学价值观教育的历史演进对于新时代深入开展社会主义核心价值观教育具有重要意义。新中国成立以来我国一直高度重视中小学价值观教育,将其作为实现党和国家教育目标的重要任务;始终以爱国主义、集体主义和社会主义教育为主旋律;无论是在目标表述,还是内容和路径选择上,都体现了守正创新、与时俱进的鲜明特点;基本途径主要分为直接与间接两大类;逐步呈现学校、家庭和社会等协同联动的现象,形成了中小学价值观教育的中国经验。与此同时,七十多年来我国中小学价值观教育还存在一些不足,如思想政治教育、德育、价值观教育等各种概念交替使用和教育内容交叉重叠;价值观教育的目标维度还需要进一步厘清,特别是价值观教育的内容和要求如何反映青少年身心发展的阶段性特点还需要进一步细化;社会主义核心价值观教育如何回应一些西方竞争性价值观的挑战需进一步探索;价值观教育的家庭、社区和政府等社会支持体系与机制还未有效地建立起来等,这些都是未来中小学价值观教育理论和实践研究需要努力的方向。

Reviewing and reflecting on the history of values education in primary and secondary schools since the founding of the People's Republic of China is of great significance for the in-depth development of socialist core values education in the new era.Combined with the relevant policy documents and practical cases of values education in primary and secondary schools in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China,this paper arranges and analyzes the background,objectives,contents and approaches of values education in primary and secondary schools in China over the past 70 years.This paper holds that China has always attached great importance to the values education in primary and secondary schools as an important task to.achieve the educational objectives of the party and the country,focuses on patriot ism,collectivism and socialist education at all times,and embodies the distinctive characteristics of inheriting,innovating and keeping pace with the times in target expression,content and path selection.The basic approaches of values education in China can be mainly divided into two categories:direct and indirect,showing the phenomenon of collaborative linkage among schools,families and society.All these have led to the Chinese experience of values education in primary and secondary schools.