《天工开物》对中国古代技术传承的创新与历史价值

Tiangong Kaiwu’s Innovation in the Technology Inheritane in Ancient China and Its Historical Value

明代宋应星编撰的《天工开物》是一部反映明代科学技术发展水平的综合性科技著作,是中国古代具有重要历史价值的科技文献之一。从中国古代工艺技术传承和创新的视角来看,《天工开物》不仅反映了明代生产工艺技术传承方式的变迁,还展示了民间工匠的职业分工和技术范式的建构。本文以对《天工开物》的内容框架的分析和梳理为主线,分析明代工艺生产技术传承的创新、职业分工和技术范式的形成。从三个方面论述《天工开物》所展现的传统技术工匠教育方式的变革,有助于我们更全面地了解中国古代科学技术发展的历史脉络和内在动因。

Compiled by Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty, Tiangong Kaiwu is a comprehensive scientific and technological work which reflects the level of science and technology in the Ming Dynasty and it is a scientific and technological book with essential historical value in ancient China.From the perspective of the inheritance and innovation of craft and technology in ancient China,Tiangong Kaiwu not only illustrates the transformation of the inheritance of craft and technology in the Ming Dynasty, but also demonstrates the division of labor of civil craftsmen and the construction of technical paradigms.Based on the analysis and sorting out of the content framework of Tiangong Kaiwu, this article analyzes the innovation of the inheritance of productive technology, division of labor and the formation of technological paradigm in the Ming Dynasty. It is helpful for us to have a more comprehensive understanding of the historical lines and internal motivation of the development of science and technology in ancient China to discuss the reform of craftsmen’s educational method of traditional technology shown in Tiangong Kaiwu from the previous three aspects.