早期阅读教育对儿童精神的背离与回归

The Deviation and Return of Early ReadingEducation to Children’s Spirit

儿童精神的纯真、诗性逻辑、游戏性等特质,不符合甚至相悖于成人成熟的价值标准,而儿童精神的成长又要依托于来自成人及其教育的引导。儿童精神在成人主导的教育中容易受到忽视,早期阅读教育亦存在此问题,在某种程度上背离儿童精神,主要体现为:在观念上存在着功利性倾向,在材料的选择上偏离儿童的精神需求,在实施方面缺乏儿童精神的积极导向,在环境创设上缺少儿童精神的必要支持。早期阅读教育背离儿童精神的原因是多方面的:究其文化根源,在于我国传统文化观念中对“文字”及“神童”的崇拜;究其现实原因,在于现代社会及教育的功利化;究其教育定位,在于成人本位视域下忽视儿童的主体性及其精神特质。儿童精神引领下的早期阅读教育需要做到:目标的制定应趋向科学性,材料的选择应注重多样化,环境的创设应凸显陶冶性,实施的途径应强调体验性,效能的评价应考虑全面化。

The innocence,poetic logic,and playfulness of the children’s spirit do not meet or even contradict the mature value standards of adults,while the growth of the children’s spirit depends on the guidance of adult education.The children’s spirit is easily neglected in adult-led education,and this problem also exists in early reading education,which deviates from children’s spirit to some extent.It is mainly reflected in the following aspects:utilitarian tendency in concept,deviation from children’s spiritual needs in the choice of materials,lack of positive guidance of children’s spirit in implementation,and deficiency of necessary support of children's spirit in the creation of environment.There are many reasons why early reading education deviates from the spirit of children:the cultural root lies in the worship of“characters”and“prodigies”in Chinese traditional cultural concepts;the realistic reason lies in the utilitarianism of modern society and education;the orientation of its education lies in the neglect of children’s subjectivity and spiritual characteristics from the perspective of adult standard.Early reading education under the guidance of children’s spirit needs to the following aspects:the formulation of goals should tend to be scientific;the selection of materials should pay attention to diversification;the creation of environment should highlight edification;the ways of implementation should emphasize experience,and the evaluation of efficacy should consider comprehensiveness.