国家高新区创新效率及其城市环境因素影响分析

Analysis of Innovation Efficiency of National High-tech Zones and Influence of Urban Environmental Factors

国家高新区创新效率是观测我国创新整体发展水平的重要窗口。研究采用数据包络分析方法(DEA)和曼奎斯特指数(Malmquist index),对我国国家高新区的静态与动态创新效率进行测算,并利用逐步回归方法,探索影响国家高新区创新效率的主要城市环境因素。研究发现:我国国家高新区创新效率的整体水平不高,呈现波动式上升趋势,规模效率均值高于纯技术效率均值;虽然技术效率变化均值为正,但由于技术进步的迟滞效应,导致了全要素生产率的下降;城市对外开放水平对综合技术效率和规模效率均具有正向的积极作用,城市金融发展水平对纯技术效率具有正向影响,城市科技财政水平对创新效率具有显著的负向影响。据此,提出了扩大城市对外开放水平、提升城市金融发展水平与优化城市科技财政支出等建议,以进一步推动国家高新区创新效率的提升。

The innovation efficiency of national high-tech zones is an important window to observe the overall development level of innovation in China.This paper uses data envelopment analysis method(DEA)and Malmquist index to measure the static and dynamic innovation efficiency of national high-tech zones in China,and uses the stepwise regression method to explore the main urban environmental factors that affect the innovation efficiency of national high-tech zones.The results show that the overall level of innovation efficiency of China's national high-tech zones is not high,showing a fluctuating upward trend,and the average scale efficiency is higher than the average pure technical efficiency;although the average change of technical efficiency is positive,the total factor productivity declines due to the hysteresis effect of technological progress;the level of urban opening to the outside world has a positive effect on the comprehensive technical efficiency and scale efficiency;the development level of urban finance has a positive impact on the pure technical efficiency,and the financial level of urban science and technology has a significant negative impact on the innovation efficiency.Accordingly,suggestions are put forward to expand the level of urban opening to the outside world,improve the level of urban financial development and optimize the urban science and technology financial expenditure,so as to further promote the innovation efficiency of the national high-tech zone.