文化距离、吸收能力与出口贸易技术溢出--基于跨国数据的实证

Cultural Distance,Absorptive Capacity and Technology Spillover of Export Trade

文化距离可以衡量国际商务环境中的文化差异,即两国之间在顾客偏好、竞争类型和商业规则等方面的差异,其在技术转移及跨国组织间的知识共享中发挥着重要作用。基于2002—2020年跨国面板数据,实证检验文化距离对我国出口贸易技术溢出的影响机制及吸收能力的调节效应。结果表明:文化距离对我国出口贸易技术溢出具有显著的负向影响,且亚洲样本和非亚洲样本、高收入样本和低收入样本之间均存在差异性;以创新能力、人力资本水平及贸易开放度为代表的吸收能力,对文化距离的出口贸易技术溢出效应具有正向调节作用。最后从缩小文化距离、实施内涵式出口导向升级战略、完善国家创新体制、强化创新人才支撑等方面提出了对策建议。

Cultural distance can measure the cultural differences in the international business environment.The differences between two countries in customer preferences,types of competition and business rules play an important role in technology transformation and the sharing of knowledge among multinational organizations.Based on the cross-border panel data from 2002 to 2018,this paper empirically tests the influence mechanism of cultural distance on the technology spillover of China's export trade and the moderating effect of absorptive capacity.The results show that cultural distance has a significant negative impact on China's export technology spillover,and there are differences between Asian samples and non-Asian samples,high-income samples and low-income samples;the absorptive capacity represented by innovation ability,human capital level and trade openness has a positive regulatory effect on the technology spillover of cultural distance export trade.Finally,the paper puts forward countermeasures from the aspects of narrowing cultural distance,implementing the connotative export-oriented upgrading strategy,perfecting the national innovation system and strengthening the support of innovative talents.