我国教师资格制度改革的时代创新与发展趋向--专访中国教育国际交流协会会长、教育部原副部长刘利民

The Innovation and Development Trend of the Reform of China’s Teacher Qualification System:An Interview with Liu Limin,President of China Education Association for International Exchange and Former Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Education

从20世纪80年代中期开始,我国具有当代意义的教师资格制度开始萌芽,90年代中期初步建立,进入新世纪开始实质性运行与发展,今天的教师资格制度已成为我国教师教育制度创新的重要标志。我国教师资格制度发展的历程虽短暂,但却呈现出不断改革创新的时代特征,为建设高素质专业化创新型的教师队伍提供基础保障。回顾我国教师资格制度的改革历程,需要理性地认识和看待出现的一些主要问题,如学历标准要求低、考育分离、师范生参加“国考”等,也要理性把握师范类专业认证对教师资格制度改革的意义。进入新时代,我国教师资格制度借助师范生免试认定教师资格的改革,迎来了深化发展的新契机,也开启了探索具有中国特色教师资格制度和教师教育体系的新征程。实现师范生“教育专业性”和“学科专业性”的双提高,高度重视教师教育的实践性,对教师资格进行细致地分类分级,探索教师资格认证机构的多样化与专业化,以及加强教师资格制度改革中信息技术和人工智能的应用等成为我国教师资格制度发展的新趋向。

China’s teacher qualification system with contemporary significance began to sprout in the mid-1980s.It was initially established in the mid-1990s and began to operate and develop substantially in the new century.Today’s teacher qualification system has become an important symbol of the innovation of China’s teacher education system.Although the development course of China’s teacher qualification system is short,it shows the characteristics of the times of continuous reform and innovation,which provides a basic guarantee for the construction of the high-quality innovative and professional teaching staff.This guarantee is reflected in the teacher entrance,structure,quality,social status and the construction of the teacher education system.Reviewing the reform process of China’s teacher qualification system,it is necessary for us to rationally understand and treat some main“problems”that have emerged,such as the low requirements for academic qualifications,the separation of examination and education and the normal students’participation in the“national examination”,and rationally grasp the significance of the teacher professional certification to the reform of the teacher qualification system.In the new era,China’s teacher qualification system has ushered in a new opportunity to deepen its development with the help of the reform of the teacher qualification without examination for normal university students,and also opened a new journey to explore the teacher qualification system and teacher education system with Chinese characteristics.Realizing the improvement of both“educational professionalism”and“disciplinary professionalism”of normal university students,paying great attention to the practicality of teacher education,carefully classifying and grading teacher qualifications,exploring the diversification and professionalization of teacher qualification certification institutions and strengthening the application of information technology and artificial intelligence in the reform of teacher qualification system have become the new trend of the development of China’s teacher qualification system.