沈周《虎丘十二景图》与明代园林绘画的演变

Twelve Scenes of the Tiger Hill and the Evolution of the Trend of Chinese Garden Painting in the Ming Dynasty

明代是园林绘画发展演变的重要时期,"画"与"图"是贯穿其间的一对重要概念,与其他多对概念——写意与写实、精神性与功能性、抽象艺术与具象艺术等相关联。沈周《虎丘十二景图》为明代园林绘画的早期作品。文章通过对图名、景名、景序、绘制时间和背景的讨论,明确其作为功能性绘画的定位;进而从园林绘画发展的角度,分析这套图册在描绘实景、展示景致连续性和整体性等方面进行的探索。《虎丘十二景图》体现了对"图"的重视,引导并启发了此后画家的创作,对于明代园林绘画的发展具有奠基和开拓意义。

The Ming Dynasty(1368-1644) was animportant period in the evolution of the trend of garden painting. "Painting" and "picture" are a pair of important concepts that run through this process, as well as other pairs of associated concepts — such as freehand brushwork and realism, spirituality and functionality, abstract art and figural art, etc. Shen Zhou’s Twelve Scenes of the Tiger Hill is an early work of garden paintings in the Ming Dynasty. By discussing the names of the paintings, the names and the sequences of the scenes depicted, the time and the background of the creation of the paintings, the paper reveals the functionality of these paintings. It also analyzes this set of paintings’ exploration on the aspects of how to depict the real scene and showthe continuity and integrity of the scenes from the perspective of the development of garden painting. Twelve Scenes of the Tiger Hill embodies the emphasis on the "picture" of garden paintings, and guides and inspires the creation by later painters, with ground-breaking and pioneering significance for the development of garden paintings in the Ming Dynasty.