火政空间的演变 近代上海租界救火站的选址与建筑形制研究

Evolution of Fire Administration Space Analysis of Location and Architectural Form of the Fire Stations in the Concession Areas of Modern Shanghai

消防市政是特殊的城市基础设施,近代消防市政参与了城市近代化进程。救火站作为其中可见的部分,是保护城市消防安全的重要市政建筑。文章分析了近代上海租界救火站的分布、选址以及这一特殊市政空间的功能构成与建筑形制特征。救火站作为火政空间的物质载体,其空间形制的演变是近代消防设备、技术等形成的一套"看不见"的基础设施网络不断发展的真实记录。文章进而指出,火政空间与城市防火基础设施网络甚至构成另一种城市地理,只有建立起建筑与城市空间、设备技术与网络的关联,才能对近代上海火政空间乃至消防市政网络的发展和演变有更全面的认识。

Municipal fire administration is a special urban infrastructure. Modern municipal fire administration participated in the process of urban modernization. As a visible part, the fire station is a kind of important municipal building to protect urban fire safety. This paper analyzes the distribution and site selection of fire stations in the concession areas of modern Shanghai, as well as the functional composition and architectural formal characteristics of this special municipal space. As the material carrier of fire administration space, the evolution of the fire station’s spatial form is a real record of the continuous development of an "invisible" infrastructure network formed by modern fire-fighting equipment and technology. The paper further pointsout that fire administration space and the urban fire prevention infrastructure network even constitute another kind of urban geography. Only by establishing the relationship between architecture and urban space, equipment technology and network, can we have a more comprehensive understanding of the development and evolution of fire administration space and even the fire municipal network in modern Shanghai.