251份大豆品种(系)对大豆疫霉及多种镰孢菌的抗性评价

Identification of resistance of 251 soybean cultivars(lines)to Phytophthora sojae and Fusarium spp.

[目的]本研究旨在评价2019—2020年国家大豆良种攻关项目新选育的251份大豆品种(系)对大豆疫霉(Phytophthora sojae)和多种镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.)的抗性水平,筛选出既抗大豆疫霉又抗多种镰孢菌的抗性品种(系),为利用抗病品种防控大豆根腐病和抗病育种提供资源材料。[方法]采用大豆黄化苗下胚轴接种法,首先利用8个不同致病型的大豆疫霉菌株,对251个大豆品种(系)进行抗病性鉴定;进一步以高抗大豆疫霉的品种(系)为材料,鉴定其对大豆6种常见病原镰孢菌的强毒力菌株的抗性。[结果]有19个大豆品种(系)对8个大豆疫霉菌株均表现高抗,抗5个及5个以上大豆疫霉菌株的品种(系)达167个,占比66.5%。供试大豆对大豆疫霉菌株Ps1、Ps3、Ps5和PsMC1的抗性资源最为丰富,对菌株Ps4和USAR2的抗性资源次之,对菌株Ps41-1和PsJS2的抗性资源较少。供试的21个高抗大豆疫霉的品种(系)分别可抗2~4种镰孢菌,其中对茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)Fs-1菌株、黄色镰孢菌(F.culmorum)Fc-4菌株和禾谷镰孢菌(F.graminearum)Fg-1菌株的抗性资源较丰富,对尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)Fo-2菌株和木贼镰孢菌(F.equseti)Fe-9菌株的抗性资源较少,未筛选到对层出镰孢菌(F.proliferatum)Fp-2菌株具有抗性的品种(系),‘徐1017-1’‘皖宿218’‘郑1905’和‘徐1726’等品种(系)对大豆疫霉和镰孢菌的综合抗性较好。[结论]供试大豆虽然对大豆疫霉8个致病型和6种镰孢菌的抗性有所差异,但总体上存在较为丰富的抗性资源可供挖掘。本研究筛选出的既抗大豆疫霉又抗镰孢菌的大豆品种(系),可作为生产上防控疫霉根腐病和镰孢根腐病的抗病品种以及抗病育种资源。

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of resistance of 251 soybean cultivars(lines)collected in 2019-2020 to Phytophthora sojae and multiple Fusarium spp.,and identify the cultivars(lines)resistant to both P.sojae and Fusarium spp.as resources for soybean root rot disease control and disease resistance breeding.[Methods]The resistance of 251 soybean cultivars(lines)to P.sojae was identified using the modified etiolated hypocotyl-slit inoculation method in laboratory with eight isolates representing different pathotypes of P.sojae.Based on the identified soybean cultivars(lines)exhibiting highly resistance to P.sojae,the resistance to Fusarium spp.was identified using each strong virulence isolate of six frequently identified Fusarium spp.pathogenic to soybean.[Results]Among the 251 soybean cultivars(lines),19 cultivars(lines)were resistant to all eight P.sojae isolates,and a total of 167 cultivars(lines)were resistant to five or more than five P.sojae isolates(66.5%).The soybean cultivars(lines)resistant to P.sojae isolates Ps1,Ps3,Ps5,and PsMC1 were the most abundant,followed by those resistant to Ps4 and USAR2,and those resistant to Ps41-1 and PsJS2 were the least.The 21 selected cultivars(lines)with high resistance to P.sojae showed resistance to 2 to 4 Fusarium spp.,and those resistant to the assayed isolates of Fusarium solani(Fs-1),F.culmorum(Fc-4),and F.graminearum(Fg-1)were relatively abundant,those resistant to F.oxysporum(Fo-2)and F.equseti(Fe-9)were relatively less,and no cultivars(lines)exhibited resistance to F.proliferatum(Fp-2).‘Xu 1017-1’,‘Wansu 218’,‘Zheng 1905’and‘Xu 1726’exhibited the best comprehensive resistance to both P.sojae and Fusarium spp.[Conclusions]Although the assayed soybean cultivars(lines)displayed differences in the resistance to the isolates of P.sojae and Fusarium spp.,there are relatively abundant soybean resistance resources to be explored.The soybean cultivars(lines)with high resistance to both P.sojae and Fusarium spp.identified in this study can be used for the control of soybean Phytophthora root rot and Fusarium root rot in the production and further breeding of disease resistant resources.