公众自我防护意识、行为对传染病传播速度与广度的影响

Influence of public self-protection consciousness and behavior on the spread speed and breadth of infectious diseases

目的从公众性别、年龄、现居住地三个维度出发,探讨公众自我防护意识、健康或非健康行为对传染病流行速度与广度的影响程度,为公众未来提升呼吸系统传染病自我防护意识、开展健康教育与健康促进提供借鉴和帮助。方法利用问卷星App发布线上调查问卷,分别对中国城市、农村、海外华人进行呼吸道传染病自我防护意识调查。结果此次调查共收回675份问卷,其中有效问卷667份。不同年龄段、不同学历人群的自我防护意识均高于80.00%。其中,初中及以下学历人群自我防护意识最高。中国城市、农村、海外华人面对传染病时均能自主地采取健康行为,差别不大。结论随着我国爱国卫生运动等活动的开展,公众对传染病的自我防护意识逐渐增强,健康素养水平不断提高,健康行为习惯逐渐养成,有效地减缓了呼吸道传染病传播的速度与广度。

Objective From three dimensions, such as public sex, age and place of residence, to probe into the influence of the public’s self-protection consciousness and healthy or unhealthy behaviors on the speed and breadth of infectious diseases epidemic, to provide references and help for the promotion of public’s self-protection consciousness, and the development of health promotion and health education. Methods Online questionnaires were released to survey the selfprotection consciousness of respiratory infectious diseases among urban, rural and overseas Chinese. Results A total of 675 questionnaires were collected, among them 667 questionnaires were valid. The self-protection awareness of people of all ages and educational backgrounds was higher than 80.00%. Among them, junior high school and below education people’s self-protection consciousness is highest. China’s urban, rural and overseas public can take their own health behaviors during epidermic, with little difference. Conclusion With the development of the patriotic health campaign and other activities in China, the public’s consciousness of self-protection against infectious diseases has been gradually improved, health literacy has been continuously improved, and healthy behavior habits have been formed, which has effectively slowed down the spread speed and breadth of respiratory infections.