自闭症儿童的家庭教养需求、教育现状及康复状况的调查研究

Investigation and research on the family rearing needs,educational status and rehabilitation status of children with autism

目的调查自闭症儿童的家庭教养需求、教育现状及康复状况。方法选取丽水市妇幼保健院2015年1月—2020年4月间收治的100例自闭症儿童为研究对象,采用自制调查问卷调查自闭儿童家庭教养需求、教育现状,并采用单因素方差分析法比较分析不同家庭教养方式下的自闭症患儿康复状况。结果86.00%的家庭教养需求为知识与信息需求,91.00%为资源需求,97.00%为心理和情绪需求;59.00%的家长教育程度为高中及以上;特殊教育投资付出主要为≤2000元/月,占64.00%;58.00%的家长最关心孩子除语言与社交能力以外的其他能力;49.00%的家长靠自己摸索的方法解决困难。爱心关怀型家庭患儿社会适应、个人社交及语言社会适应发育商(development quotient,DQ)均明显高于专制训练型、绝望放弃型、中间摇摆型家庭,经方差分析及SNK检验两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对自闭症儿童家庭教养需求和教育现状,建议改进家庭教养方式,增强自闭症患儿家庭的社会支持。

Objective To investigate the family education needs,education status and rehabilitation status of children with autism.Methods 100 autistic children treated in Lishui Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January,2015 to April,2020 were selected for research.A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the family rearing needs and education status of autistic children,and one way ANOVA was used to compare and analyze the rehabilitation status of autistic children with different family rearing styles.Results 86.00%parenting needs were knowledge and information,91.00%was social resources,and 97.00%was psychological and emotional needs.59.00%parent’s education degree was senior high school and above.The investment in special education was mainly below 2000 yuan/month,accounting for 64.00%.Parents were most concerned about children’s other abilities except language and social skills,accounting for 58.00%.When they encountering difficulties in education,they mainly relied on their own exploration methods,accounting for 49.00%.The social adaptation,personal social and language social adaptation development quotient(DQ)of children in caring families were significantly higher than those in autocratic training type,desperate giving up type and middle swing type families.The difference was statistically significant by analysis of variance and SNK pairwise comparison(P<0.05).Conclusion In view of the needs of family education and education of children with autism,it is suggested to improve family education,and enhance social support for families with autism children.