秦巴山区生态系统服务权衡-协同关系

Trade-Off Synergy of Ecosystem Services in the Qinba Mountainous Area of China

权衡—协同关系时空分布及其演化机制分析有助于量化生态系统服务。当前,秦巴山区生态系统研究主要集中于刻画单个生态系统服务的演变和两两生态系统服务之间的关系,缺少对多种生态系统服务之间相互作用和演化机制的分析,致使多个生态系统之间的复杂作用机制及其影响因素不能得到全面认识。本文基于多源数据与综合模型,采用空间相关分析、线性回归等方法对秦巴山区1995—2015年的土壤保持量、生境质量、净初级生产力和食物供给服务进行估算,揭示了四种生态系统服务功能的时空格局与权衡—协同关系,并分析了这种关系演变背后的驱动机制。结果表明:(1)近20年秦巴山区土壤保持量、生境质量和净初级生产力的生态系统服务高值多出现在水热条件较好的山区,低值主要集中在盆地区域,食物供给则呈现相反的空间分布规律;(2)多个生态系统服务之间的权衡关系主要体现在生境质量下降而净初级生产力、食物供给增加,协同关系主要体现在净初级生产力、土壤保持量和食物供给的同步增加,区域发展建议注重动植物栖息地保护与生物多样性维持;(3)生态系统服务变化的主要原因是林地和耕地的相互转化,气温变化对净初级生产力和食物供给服务的影响大于降水。本研究可为秦巴山区生态健康发展提供理论依据和决策支撑。

The analysis of spatiotemporal distribution and evolution mechanism of trade-off synergy relationship is helpful to quantify ecosystem services.Research on ecosystem in the Qinba mountains area mainly focused on the evolution of a single ecosystem service and the relationship between two ecosystem services,but less attention was paid to the interaction and evolution mechanism of multiple ecosystem services,which resulted in a lack of comprehensive understanding of the complex interaction mechanism and influencing factors among multiple ecosystems.Based on multi-source data and comprehensive models,this paper estimated the soil conservation,habitat quality,net primary productivity and food supply of the Qinba mountainous area from 1995 to 2015 by using methods of spatial correlation analysis and linear regression.The spatiotemporal distribution and trade-off synergy relationship of four ecosystem services were studied,and the driving mechanism of the evolution of this relationship was analyzed.The results include:(1)The high values of soil conservation,habitat quality and net primary productivity ecosystem services mostly located in the mountainous areas with better hydrothermal conditions,and the low values were mainly concentrated in the basin areas;Food supply showed an opposite spatial distribution pattern.(2)The trade-off relationship between multiple ecosystem services was mainly reflected in the decline in habitat quality with the increase in net primary productivity and food supply;the synergistic relationship was mainly reflected in the simultaneous increase in net primary productivity,soil conservation and food supply.Therefore,the protection of animal and plant habitats and the maintenance of biodiversity were suggested as a regional development strategy.(3)The changes in ecosystem services were mainly driven by the conversion between forest and cultivated land.And the increase in temperature had more influence on the net primary productivity and food supply than precipitation.This study provides theoretical basis and decision support for the ecological healthy development in the Qinba mountainous area.