德国高校入学条件综述

On the Access to Higher Education in Germany

通过分析德国高校的入学条件和学生遴选可知,原则上,任何在德国通过文理中学毕业考试(Abitur)的人都有权在德国自由选择高校和专业。然而,如果高校的申请者人数太多,那么可以设置限制性的录取条件,并根据相关标准遴选学生。这些标准包括文理中学毕业考试(Abitur)成绩和个别科目成绩、特定专业的能力测试、职业经验、青少年竞赛成绩以及面试。私立高校还可以另设其他标准。尽管德国高校的入学制度很复杂,但还是有越来越多的人读大学。然而,德国大学生的辍学率仍居高不下,并且,大学入学和学业成功具有很强的社会选择性。

The paper gives an overview of the access to higher education and student selection in Germany.People accomplishing the German“Abitur”have the right to choose freely a course of study at a public higher education institution.If the number of applications is too big,higher education institutions can still introduce entry restrictions to select applicants according to various criteria like school grades,the result of scholastic aptitude tests,professional experience,success in competitions for young scientists as well as interviews.Private institutions may use further criteria.Despite the complexity of the system,a rising number of people in Germany take up a course of study.However,there are still too high dropout-rates and a high social selection regarding the access to higher education and study success.