接种新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗后的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者血抗体水平及病情分析

Analysis in antibody levels in blood of patients infected with Coronavirus disease 2019 afteRinoculation with novel coronavirus inactivated vaccine and disease status

目的探讨新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗(简称新冠疫苗)对接种后感染Delta变异株新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)人群是否具有保护作用。方法观察2021年7月20日—8月27日在本院隔离病区住院的接种过新冠疫苗(接种1针或2针)的47例新冠肺炎成年患者的病例资料以及血新型冠状病毒免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体滴度的动态变化,并与30例未接种新冠疫苗的新冠肺炎成年患者进行组间比较。结果未接种疫苗成年患者的病情严重程度重于接种2针疫苗患者;病程4周内,新冠肺炎患者血新型冠状病毒IgM抗体滴度均呈先升高后下降恢复趋势,接种2针组在第2周即快速到达峰值,接种1针组峰值大多出现在第3周,未接种成年组峰值出现在第3周,3组峰值滴度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);77例新冠肺炎成年患者血新型冠状病毒IgG抗体滴度于第2、3周到达峰值,病程第4周有降低趋势但仍维持在高水平,未接种成年组峰值滴度低于接种2针组、接种1针组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新冠疫苗对新冠肺炎患者具有免疫保护作用,可减轻患者病情严重程度。新冠疫苗诱导的机体特异性免疫反应可能随着时间的延长而衰减。

Objective To explore whetheRnovel coronavirus inactivated vaccine has protective effects oRnot on Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)people infected with Delta variant of the virus afteRvaccination.Methods During the period from July 20,2021 to August 27,2021,the data of 47 patients with COVID-19 who were inoculated with inactivated vaccines(one dose oRtwo doses of vaccine against COVID-19)in the isolation ward of ouRhospital,and the changes in the dynamic levels of blood immunoglobulin M(IgM)and immunoglobulin G(IgG)antibodies against COVID-19 were observed,and the results were compared with 30 patients with COVID-19 who were not vaccinated inactivated vaccine foRCOVID-19.Results The severity of illness of unvaccinated adult patients was significantly heavieRthan that of patients who received two doses of vaccine;within 4 weeks of course of disease,the blood IgM antibody titeRof patients with COVID-19 showed a trend of firstly increasing,then decreasing and finally recovering.The patients receiving two doses of vaccine quickly reached the peak in the second week,while most of patients with one dose of vaccine and those without vaccination reached the peak at the third week of vaccination.The peak titeRshowed a significant difference among the three groups(P<0.05).The titeRof IgG antibody in 77 adult patients with COVID-19 peaked at 2 oR3 weeks and decreased at week 4 but still remained at a high level.The peak titeRof the unvaccinated adult group was significantly loweRthan that of the two doses of vaccine group and the one dose of vaccine group(P<0.05).Conclusion The inactivated vaccine has an immune protection effect in patients with new coronary pneumonia,which can reduce the severity of the disease.The body-specific immune responses induced by inactivated vaccines may attenuate oveRtime.