从“工农兵文艺学习小丛书”看工农兵文学生产的路径与困境

On the Path and Predicament of the Worker-Peasant-Soldiers Literature:Based on the“Little Series of Worker-Peasant-Soldier Literature Study”

“工农兵文艺学习小丛书”是进入工农兵文学生产“历史现场”的绝佳通道。“工农兵文艺学习小丛书”充斥着不少对业余作家创作道路鸣鼓而呼的文章,这类文章通过祛除文学神秘性的方式,激发了业余作家放胆创作的自信,并从阶级政党的角度赋予了文学更强盛的魅惑力。鼓舞起工农兵业余作家的创作热情后,真人真事写作的提倡又应运而生。真人真事写作实际上被赋予了现实革命工作动员的深意,但亦步亦趋的真人真事写作妨碍了文学典型的塑造,于是工农兵作家便会被要求竭力摆脱真人真事的局限,以便创造出具备永恒性价值的阶级榜样。真人真事写作存在的现实工作动员与永恒阶级榜样塑形的双重作用,可类比为“有经有权”的关系。作为工人作家最为熟悉的内容,技术生产描写的涌现则是真人真事写作逻辑的自然演化。在此过程中,粘滞于技术生产描写,使得作品不能深入展现人物的精神思想世界,被视为“见物(事)不见人”现象遭致批评。可回避技术生产的描写,既会弱化工人形象,还无法有效反映出社会主义中国的工业化“乌托邦盛景”。如此一来,技术生产描写便深陷于左右为难的困境。“工农兵文艺学习小丛书”表征出来的工农兵文学生产的路径及其困境,最终有助于激活人们深入认识“新时期文学”和“当下文学”。

This series is the best approach to access the“historical scene”of the so called“worker-peasant-soldier”literature production.These books are filled with laudation touting the creation of those amateurs,by dispelling the mysteries of literary,these articles inspired amateur writers’boldly creative confidence,and at the same time give more charming power to literature from the perspective of party politics.After arousing the creation enthusiasm of these amateurs,came the encouraging of true man true story writing,which has been invested with the significance of revolutionary mobilization,but this has then impeded the shaping of typical image in literary writing.Therefore,the amateur worker-peasant-soldier writers would be allured to get rid of the limits of the true story,in order to create a model of immutability value class.The double functions of realistic working mobilization and the value of immutable class model can be analog to that of“principle with flexibility”.As the most familiar content to those labor writers,the description of skilled production naturally and logically emerged.During this process,the objective description of production techniques has been criticized for not going in-depth to the spirit world of the characters of working class,and has been deemed as a phenomenon of"seeing only stuff rather than people".But avoiding description of the production techniques,workers’image might be weakened,and will not be able to reflect China's socialist industrialization“utopian prosperity”effectively.As a result,the description deeply mired in a dilemma.The production path and predicament of the“worker-peasant-soldier”in these series may stimulate our recognition to the“new period literature”and the“current literature”.