映照在他者幻想上的人生——夏目漱石《哥儿》论

Life reflected in the Fantasy of the Other--On Natsume Soseki's Brother

《哥儿》是夏目漱石的早期作品,初刊于明治三十九年(1906)四月号的《杜鹃》杂志上。《哥儿》通过刻画主人公在四国任教期间勇于与恶势力斗争的行为,揭露了日本明治时期教育界肮脏腐败、勾心斗角的内幕,因此被编入了中学国语教科书,成为了家喻户晓的名作。本论从精神分析和病理学的角度对哥儿与女佣阿清的关系进行了分析,哥儿所欲求的人生是映射在阿清这个他者所构筑的幻想上的一生。哥儿通过与之认同,受到了镜像的蒙蔽,将他者的自我误认为自己的自我,陷入了终身不得不与其争夺自身主体性的悲惨境地。哥儿的神经症就是他无法摆脱他者的幻想,获得真正的自我同一性与身份认同的隐喻。因此只有揭开哥儿与阿清这对超越一般主仆之情的温馨面纱,才能发现作品背后隐藏着哥儿注定不能以本身来度过一生的悲剧。

Brother is Natsume Soseki's early work,first published in 1906 at the April issue of the journal of Cuckoo.Through depicting the hero’s courage of fight against evil forces during the period of teaching in four countries,this novel revealed the educational circles and the dirty inside corruption in Meiji period of Japan,thus was placed in the middle school Chinese textbook,and became a famous masterpieces.From the perspective of psychoanalysis and pathology,this paper analyzes the relationship between the Brother and the maid A Qing.The life desired by Brother is a life reflected on illusion constructed by A Qing as the“other”.By identifying with it,Brother was blinded by the mirror,sunk himself into the miserable life that he had to contest in the plight of subjectivity.His neurosis is a metaphor that he can't get rid of his fantasies and to acquire his real self-identity.So only by revealing the true relationship between him and A Qing covered by the veil of warmth,can we find the destined tragedy of protagonist’s life hidden in the work.