《离骚》词语解诂四则

Explanation of Four Words in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao

《离骚》是楚辞中最重要的一篇,也是我国古代文学史上的奇葩,但其中仍有不少地方难以确解。“修能”当即“修态”,指美好的外貌,与装饰、打扮、修饬正相对应。“日月忽其不淹兮”的“淹”是停留的意思,表现的是诗人对时光的珍惜。“伤灵修之数化”的“数化”是指灵修疾速转变了态度和做法,诗人对此痛心欲绝,《离骚》的创作与此相关。“虽萎绝其亦何伤兮”“长顑颔亦何伤”的“何伤”应解为“有什么妨碍”,这对于理解诗人的思想和行为甚有帮助。准确解诂这些词语对于深入、正确认识《离骚》有重要意义。

Li Sao is one of the most important poems of Chu Ci,and also a wonderful work in the history of ancient Chinese literature,but some words in the text are difficult to have an accurate explanation.“Xiu neng”should be“xiu tai”,refers to a good appearance,corresponding to decoration and grooming.“Yan”in the sentence of“Sun and moon are moving fast without yan”means stay,expressing poet’s lament about the passing of time.“Shuo hua”in the sentence of“worrying about Lingxiu’s Shuo hua”means the quick attitude changing of the monarch,expressing the poet’s pain and desperation.This is relevant of the creation motive of Li Sao.“He shang”in the sentences of“Even if they are withering there is he shang”and“Although being haggard for long there is he shang”should be understood as“what does it matter?”This is very helpful in understanding the poet's thoughts and actions.Correct understanding of there words is of great significance for us to understand Li Sao deeply and correctly.