基于双因素模型的老年人生命意义感与心理健康:老化态度的中介作用

Meaning in Life and Mental Health of the Elderly Based on the Dual-Factor Model:Mediating Effects of Attitudes Toward Aging

在积极心理学的影响下,心理健康双因素模型包含主观幸福感和精神病理学指标。研究旨在验证心理健康双因素模型在老年人中的适用性,考察老化态度在生命意义感和心理健康间的多重中介作用。采用爱丁堡幸福量表、一般健康问卷、老化态度问卷和人生意义问卷调查了283名广州市社区老年人。结果发现:(1)心理健康双因素模型较单因素模型的拟合度更优。(2)生命意义感通过老化态度的三条路径(对身体变化、心理获得和心理社会丧失的积极态度)促进心理健康,但具体机制不同。增强意义体验、意义追寻通过老化态度的完全中介作用,提高主观幸福感。增强意义体验通过老化态度的完全中介作用,减弱意义追寻通过老化态度的部分中介作用,减少精神病理学症状。研究结果扩大了心理健康双因素模型的适用年龄范围,为提升老年人的心理健康提供实证依据。

Under the influence of positive psychology, the dual-factor model of mental health combined both subjective well-being and psychopathology. This study aimed to verify the applicability of the dual-factor model of mental health among the elderly and investigate multiple mediating effects of attitudes toward aging between meaning in life and mental health. Two hundred and eightythree elderly people in the Guangzhou community completed 12-item General Health Questionnaire, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, Meaning in Life Questionnaire and Attitudes to Ageing Questionnaire. Results showed that: 1) The dual-factor model of mental health fitted better than the single-factor model. 2) Meaning in life promoted mental health through three pathways of attitudes toward aging, i.e., positive attitudes toward physical change, psychological growth and psychosocial loss. However,specific mechanisms differed. With the improvement of the presence of and the search for meaning in life, subjective well-being could be strengthened through complete mediation of attitudes toward aging. Attitudes toward aging completely mediated the negative association between the presence of meaning in life and psychopathology, but partially mediated the positive association between the search for meaning in life and psychopathology. Overall, this study expands applicable age range of the dual-factor model of mental health and provides empirical evidence for improving mental health of the elderly.