中国不同气候区参考作物蒸散量计算模型适用性评价

Applicability Evaluation of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Calculation Models in Different Climatic Regions of China

参考作物蒸散量(ET_(0))的准确计算是制定作物灌溉制度和区域灌溉用水量计划的基本依据。为提高中国不同气候区域ET_(0)计算精度,以FAO56 Penman-Monteith(PM)模型为标准,对28个基于温度和辐射的ET_(0)经验模型在中国温带季风区(TMZ)、温带大陆区(TCZ)、高原山丘区(MPZ)和亚热带季风区(SMZ)的适用性进行评价。结果表明:全国范围内ET_(0)辐射模型精度高于温度模型,温度模型在TCZ区表现最佳,而辐射模型在SMZ区精度较高。TMZ和TCZ区推荐FAO24 radiation模型(RMSE为0.245、0.237 mm/d,MAE为0.210、0.199 mm/d,ENS为0.975、0.986);MPZ和SMZ区为PT模型(RMSE为0.179、0.159 mm/d,MAE为0.133、0.125 mm/d,ENS均为0.978)。温度法在TMZ和MPZ区B-R模型表现较好(RMSE为0.245、0.71 mm/d,MAE为0.337、0.208 mm/d,ENS为0.923、0.95),TCZ区推荐模型MB(2005)(RMSE为0.354 mm/d,MAE为0.249 mm/d,ENS为0.968),SMZ区HScor模型精度较高(RMSE为0.255 mm/d,MAE为0.195 mm/d,ENS为0.944)。因此数据资料充足时不同气候区ET_(0)估算分别推荐FAO24 Rad、FAO24 Rad、PT、PT模型(辐射法);数据资料不足时最优选择为B-R、MB(2005)、B-R、HScor模型(温度法)。

Accurate calculation of reference crop evapotranspiration(ET_(0))is the basic basis for establishing irrigation schedule and planning regional irrigation water consumption.In order to improve the calculation precision of reference crop evapotranspiration(ET_(0))in different climatic regions of China,considering the ET_(0) values calculated by the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith(PM)method as the standard,this paper evaluated the applicability of 28 empirical ET_(0) methods based on the temperature and radiation in temperate monsoon zone(TMZ),temperate continental zone(TCZ),mountain plateau zone(MPZ)and subtropical monsoon zone(SMZ)of China.The results showed that the accuracy of radiation methods was higher than that of the temperature method nationwide,and the temperature methods had the highest accuracy in TCZ and the radiation methods had the highest accuracy in SMZ.The FAO24 radiation method was recommended in TMZ and TCZ(RMSE of 0.245,0.237 mm/d,MAE of 0.210,0.199 mm/d,ENS of 0.975,0.986,respectively).The PT method was recommended in MPZ and SMZ(RMSE of 0.179,0.159 mm/d,MAE of 0.133,0.125 mm/d,ENS of 0.978,0.978,respectively).The B-R method of temperature methods performed well in TMZ and MPZ(RMSE of 0.245,0.71 mm/d,MAE of 0.337,0.208 mm/d,ENS of 0.923,0.950,respectively).The MB(2005)method was recommended in TCZ(RMSE of 0.354 mm/d,MAE of 0.249 mm/d,ENS of 0.968).The HScor method had the highest accuracy in SMZ(RMSE of 0.255 mm/d,MAE of 0.195 mm/d,ENS of 0.944).Therefore,when the data was sufficient,the ET_(0) methods were recommended in different climatic regions,i.e.,FAO24 radiation,FAO24 radiation,PT,PT(radiation method);when the data was insufficient,the best choice was B-R,MB(2005),B-R,HScor method(temperature method).