宁南山区芹菜水肥药一体化试验研究

Experimental Study on the Integration of Water,Fertilizer and Medicine of Celery in the Southern Mountain Area of Ningxia

为了研究水肥药一体化对宁南山区土壤养分及芹菜产量品质的影响,在宁夏固原市西吉县硝河乡关庄村进行田间试验,试验采用裂区设计,主区为T_(1)(不施药)、生物药剂T_(2)(木醋液)、生物药剂T_(3)(阿维菌素)3个处理,副区为不同制剂液态肥(A_(1)常规施肥、A_(2)功能性全元液体肥+70%CK、A_(3)功能性微生物制剂+70%CK)。结果表明,水肥药一体化条件下,施药与施肥交互作用对土壤有机质含量影响不显著(p>0.05),但是对土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量影响极显著(p<0.01),其中T_(3)A_(2)组合对土壤养分提升最显著,与对照T_(1)A_(1)组合相比,土壤有机质含量增加9.70%、土壤有效磷增加56.04%、土壤速效钾增加32.10%。在芹菜全生育期,药肥交互组合T_(3)A_(2)处理下芹菜的株高表现最优;施药与施肥交互作用对芹菜叶绿素SPAD值和净光合速率的影响不显著(p>0.05),但与对照T_(1)A_(1)组合相比,T_(3)A_(2)组合处理下芹菜叶绿素SPAD值和净光合速率表现最优。施药与施肥交互作用对芹菜产量影响不显著(p>0.05),与对照T_(1)A_(1)组合相比,T_(3)A_(2)组合使芹菜产量增产最多。施药与施肥交互作用中,与对照T_(1)A_(1)组合相比,T_(3)A_(2)组合对芹菜Vc、总糖含量提升最多,分别提升1.06倍、29.08%。综上所述,水肥药一体化条件下,药肥组合中T_(3)A_(2)组合为最优处理,可以提高宁南山区芹菜的生长、生理指标,进而提高芹菜的产量和品质,同时还可以提高耕层土壤养分,改善土壤环境。

In order to study the effects of the integration of water,fertilizer and medicine on soil nutrients and celery yield and quality in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia,field experiments were conducted in Guanzhuang Village,Nihe Township,Xiji County,Guyuan City,Ningxia.The experiment adopted split zone design,with three treatments as T_(1)(no drug application),T_(2)(wood vinegar),T_(3)(Abamectin)in the main zone,and different formulations of liquid fertilizer(A_(1) conventional fertilization,A_(2) functional full-element liquid fertilizer+70%CK,A_(3) Functional microbial agents+70%CK)in the secondary zone.The results showed that under the condition of integration of water,fertilizer and medicine,the interaction of pesticide application and fertilization had no significant effect on the content of soil organic matter(p>0.05),but had a significant impact on the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium(p<0.01).Among them,the T_(3)A_(2) combination treatment had the most significant increase in soil nutrients.Compared with the control T_(1)A_(1) combination treatment,the soil organic matter content increased by 9.70%,the soil available phosphorus increased by 56.04%,and the soil available potassium increased by 32.10%.During the whole growth period of celery,the plant height of celery under the treatment of T_(3)A_(2) was the best;the interaction of pesticide and fertilization had no significant effect on the chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of celery(p>0.05),but compared with the control T_(1)A_(1) treatment,the celery chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate under the T_(3)A_(2) combination treatment performed the best.The interaction of pesticide application and fertilization had no significant effect on the yield of celery(p>0.05).Compared with the control T_(1)A_(1) combination treatment,the T_(3)A_(2) combination treatment increased the yield of celery by 60.49%.In the interaction between pesticide application and fertilization,compared with the control T_(1)A_(1) combination treatment,the T_(3)A_(2) combination treatment increased the Vc and total sugar content of celery the most by 1.06 times and 29.08%,respectively.In summary,under the conditions of water,fertilizer and medicine integration,the T_(3)A_(2) combination treatment is the optimal treatment for the combination of medicine and fertilizer,which can improve the growth and physiological indicators of celery in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia,thereby increasing the yield and quality of celery,and also improving the surface soil nutrients and the soil environment.